Contracts and organizational controls to monitor contract compliance are important tools to enhance trust in a fair business transaction in network organisations and electronic commerce in general. In this paper, we propose a design methodology for such contracts and supporting controls, utilizing inter-organisational value models. We argue that a framework for designing control mechanisms should include three steps: design of an inter-organizational value model, analysis of possible violations of contractual obligations underlying this value model, and design of control mechanisms to detect or prevent such violations. It is shown how the e 3-value methodology, which was developed to design business value models, can be extended to model obligations of parties. We use concepts and ideas from deontic logic (the logic of obligations and permissions) to develop an extension of e 3-value called e 3-value+. The e 3-value+ approach is a design tool for modelling violations of obligations and control mechanisms to prevent and correct these violations, which can be used in contract drafting and contingency planning for inter-organisational collaboration in network organisations. 1

The rapid growth of service coordination languages creates a need for methodological support for coordination design. Coordination design differs from workflow design because a coordination process connects different businesses that can each make design decisions independently from the others, and no business is interested in supporting the business processes of others. In multi-business cooperative design, design decisions are only supported by all businesses if they contribute to the profitability of each participating business. So in order to make coordination design decisions supported by all participating businesses, requirements for a coordination process should be derived from the business model that makes the coordination profitable for each participating business. We claim that this business model is essentially a model of intended value exchanges. We model the intended value exchanges of a business model as e 3-value value models and coordination processes as UML activity diagrams. The contribution of the paper is then to propose and discuss a criterion according to which a service coordination process must be correct with respect to a value exchange model. This correctness is necessary to gain business support for the process. Finally, we discuss methodological consequences of this approach for service coordination process design. General Terms

In a network of organisations the design of appropriate control mechanisms is important to prevent and detect opportunistic behaviour of the members of the network. In most cases, control mechanisms can already be seen in the business value model, because most controls add new exchanges of economic value between enterprises. However, controls encompass also operational aspects, not covered by business value models, but which are important for the understanding and operation of controls. We developed the e 3-value + methodology for designing inter-organisational control mechanisms, based on analysing value aspects of network organisations. We illustrate it with the case for the distribution of music tracks via Internet radio, where we apply the methodology to design a control to monitor whether Internet radio stations and Right Societies cleared the right amount of tracks. We present the control mechanism not only from a business value model perspective, but also from an operational perspective, thus showing that the control can indeed be implemented. 1.

Many enterprises organize themselves as networked value constellations to jointly deliver products and services. Such constellations are facilitated by recent advances in IT, specifically various Internet and Web technologies. Before embarking upon information systems design and dealing with the technical issues, we argue that it is first important to understand the constellation with its business goals and activities as an artifact itself. This analysis forms a part of the early requirements determination phase that particularly seeks to clarify the business requirements underlying information systems support. To this end, we propose an ontology-based approach called e3value to represent and evaluate business models for networked enterprises from a value-creation perspective. In addition, the e3value approach contains a stepwise design process, a set of evaluation methods, and a software tool that supports the business requirements modeling, analysis, and determination process. The different elements of the proposed approach are discussed and exemplified by an extensive industrial case study related to the development of online distributed power balancing services in the electricity sector.