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Odd girl out: an individual differences perspective on women in the IT profession.
- Information Technology and People,
, 2002
"... Abstract This paper develops a theoretical perspective on gender and information technology (IT) by examining socio-cultural influences on women who are members of the information technology profession in Australia and New Zealand. In-depth interviews with both practitioners and academics give evid ..."
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Cited by 80 (18 self)
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Abstract This paper develops a theoretical perspective on gender and information technology (IT) by examining socio-cultural influences on women who are members of the information technology profession in Australia and New Zealand. In-depth interviews with both practitioners and academics give evidence of a range of socio-cultural influences on the professional development and working lives of women IT professionals. The paper rejects the essentialist view of women and their relationship to IT that has been put forth in the information systems literature arguing, instead, the primacy of societal and structural influences. The particular contribution of this paper is a theoretical perspective of individual differences which is presented to characterize the way individual women respond in a range of specific ways to the interplay between individual characteristics and environmental influences. This perspective contributes to a better understanding of women's involvement in the IT sector and suggests areas for proactive policy response. Introduction At the same time that unprecedented opportunity exists for information technology (IT) professionals around the world, the field is experiencing a skills crisis that stems from the shortage of qualified IT professionals. This skills crisis is due, in part, to the fact that certain segments of the population are under-represented in IT. Among those under-represented are women. Despite significant growth in the IT profession[1] in recent years, there remains a gender imbalance; there is evidence of a decline in the participation of women in the IT profession in some quarters
Feminist visualization: Re-envisioning GIS as a method in feminist geographic research
- Annals of the Association of American Geographers
, 2002
"... JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms ..."
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Cited by 57 (2 self)
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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
Intersectionality and feminist politics
- European Journal of Women’s Studies
, 2006
"... ABSTRACT This article explores various analytical issues involved in conceptual-izing the interrelationships of gender, class, race and ethnicity and other social divisions. It compares the debate on these issues that took place in Britain in the 1980s and around the 2001 UN World Conference Against ..."
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Cited by 39 (0 self)
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ABSTRACT This article explores various analytical issues involved in conceptual-izing the interrelationships of gender, class, race and ethnicity and other social divisions. It compares the debate on these issues that took place in Britain in the 1980s and around the 2001 UN World Conference Against Racism. It examines issues such as the relative helpfulness of additive or mutually constitutive models of intersectional social divisions; the different analytical levels at which social divisions need to be studied, their ontological base and their relations to each other. The final section of the article attempts critically to assess a specific inter-sectional methodological approach for engaging in aid and human rights work in the South. KEY WORDS identity politics ◆ intersectionality ◆ social divisions ◆ social positionings In the introduction to her book Ain’t I a Woman, bell hooks (1981) poured scorn on the then common analogue many feminists used between the situation of women and the situation of Blacks. ‘This implies’, she argued, ‘that all women are White and all Blacks are men. ’ That was one of the starting points of an analytical and political move by Black and other feminists and social scientists to deconstruct the categories of both ‘women ’ and ‘Blacks ’ and to develop an analysis of the intersectionality of various social divisions, most often – but not exclusively – focusing on gender, race and class (for a more detailed history see, for example, Brah and Phoenix, 2004). The term ‘intersectionality ’ itself was introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw (1989), when she discussed issues of black women’s employ-ment in the US. She was eventually invited to introduce the notion of intersectionality before a special session on the subject in Geneva during the preparatory session to the World Conference Against Racism (WCAR)
Said and done’ versus ‘saying and doing’: gendering practices, practicing gender at work
- Gender & Society
, 2003
"... Recently, the study of gender has focused on processes by which gender is brought into social relations through interaction. This article explores implications of a two-sided dynamic—gendering practices and practicing of gender—for understanding gendering processes in formal organizations. Using sto ..."
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Cited by 34 (0 self)
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Recently, the study of gender has focused on processes by which gender is brought into social relations through interaction. This article explores implications of a two-sided dynamic—gendering practices and practicing of gender—for understanding gendering processes in formal organizations. Using sto-ries from interviews and participant observation in multinational corporations, the author explores the practicing of gender at work. She defines practicing gender as a moving phenomenon that is done quickly, directionally (in time), and (often) nonreflexively; is informed (often) by liminal awareness; and is in concert with others. She notes how other conceptions of gender dynamics and practice inform the analysis and argues that adequate conceptualization (and potential elimination) of harmful aspects of gendering practices/practicing will require attention to (1) agency, intentionality, awareness, and reflexivity; (2) positions, power, and experience; and (3) choice, accountability, and audience. She calls for incorporating the “sayings and doings ” of gender into organization theory and research.
The power and the pleasure? A research agenda for “making gender stick” to engineers
- Science, Technology, & Human Values
, 2000
"... This article seeks to open up a new avenue for feminist technology studies—gender-aware research on engineers and engineering practice—on the grounds that engineers are powerful symbols of the equation between masculinity and technology and occupy significant roles in shaping new technologies. Drawi ..."
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Cited by 31 (1 self)
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This article seeks to open up a new avenue for feminist technology studies—gender-aware research on engineers and engineering practice—on the grounds that engineers are powerful symbols of the equation between masculinity and technology and occupy significant roles in shaping new technologies. Drawing on the disparate evidence avail-able, the author explores four themes. The first asks why the equation between masculin-ity and technology is so durable when there are such huge mismatches between image and practice. The second examines this mismatch in the detail of engineering knowledge and practice to reveal that fractured and contradictory constructions of masculinity fre-quently coexist. The third theme addresses the suggestion that women and men might bring different styles to engineering. Finally, the author explores subjective experiences of engineering to argue that engineers’shared pleasures in and identification with tech-nology both define what it means to be an engineer and provide appealing symbols of power that act to compensate for a perceived lack of power or competence in other arenas. In the past (roughly) two decades, a growing body of feminist work has explored the gender-technology relation. It is possible to chart the emergence of fours streams of (still current) work in this area. The first—women in
The ‘boy turn’, in research on gender and education
- Review of Educational Research
, 2003
"... Although the majority of research in gender and education has rightly focused on girls, recent research in the United States and elsewhere has focused much more on the learning, social outcomes, and schooling experiences of boys. This “boy turn ” has produced a large corpus of theoretically oriented ..."
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Cited by 30 (1 self)
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Although the majority of research in gender and education has rightly focused on girls, recent research in the United States and elsewhere has focused much more on the learning, social outcomes, and schooling experiences of boys. This “boy turn ” has produced a large corpus of theoretically oriented and practice-oriented research alongside popular and rhetorical works and femi-nist and pro-feminist responses, each of which this article reviews. To answer why boys have become such a concern at this time, this article explores the ori-gins and motivations of the boy turn, examines major critiques of the distress about boys, and suggests possible directions for debates and research.
2006b) ‘Mediatized Rituals: Beyond Manufacturing Consent
- Media, Culture & Society
"... The study of mediatized rituals challenges entrenched theoretical views about media power, its locations and determinations, and the role of media in processes of manufacturing consent. Mediatized rituals, I will argue, have much to tell us about how media periodically intervene in the life of conte ..."
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Cited by 28 (1 self)
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The study of mediatized rituals challenges entrenched theoretical views about media power, its locations and determinations, and the role of media in processes of manufacturing consent. Mediatized rituals, I will argue, have much to tell us about how media periodically intervene in the life of contemporary societies, their contending identities and contests of interest, and how media can contribute to the formation of plural solidarities or ‘publics’. This article elaborates an encompassing conceptualization of ‘mediatized rituals’, defined more analytically below, and examines how this class of exceptional media phenomena variously sustain a subjunctive orientation to the ‘social good ’ (of how society could or should be). It challenges conventionalized ideas of ritual delimited to ceremonies work-ing in the service of dominant interests or manufacturing consent. While there are certainly grounds to say that some mediatized rituals work in this way, and do so by promoting a sense of social collectivity that legitimates the extant social order (though this is not to presume that such appeals are necessarily successful), some mediatized rituals are nonetheless decidedly less consensual and less unifying in both their media enactments and outcomes. These mediatized rituals, contrary to both Durkheimian and neo-Marxian traditions (still the dominant traditions in the field of ritual study), appear to open up productive spaces for social reflexivity and critique, and can be politically disruptive or even transformative in their reverberations within civil and wider society. Mediatized rituals, I argue, are more productively conceptualized as an identifiable and variegated class of performative media enactments in which solidarities are summoned and moral ideas of the ‘social good ’ are unleashed and exert agency in the public life of societies. In their social aetiology, composition, dynamics and outcomes mediatized rituals, as we
Code and the transduction of space
- Annals of the Association of American Geographers
"... The effects of software (code) on the spatial formation of everyday life are best understood through a theoretical framework that utilizes the concepts of technicity (the productive power of technology to make things happen) and transduction (the constant making anew of a domain in reiterative and t ..."
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Cited by 28 (5 self)
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The effects of software (code) on the spatial formation of everyday life are best understood through a theoretical framework that utilizes the concepts of technicity (the productive power of technology to make things happen) and transduction (the constant making anew of a domain in reiterative and transformative practices). Examples from the lives of three Londoners illustrate that code makes a difference to everyday life because its technicity alternatively modulates space through processes of transduction. Space needs to be theorized as ontogenetic, that is, understood as continually being brought into existence through transductive practices (practices that change the conditions under which space is (re)made). The nature of space transduced by code is detailed and illustrated with respect to domestic living, work, communication, transport, and consumption. Key Words: everyday life, code, ontogenesis, transduction, technicity, space. [S]pace is neither absolute, relative or relational in itself, but it can become one or all simultaneously depending on the circumstances. The problem of the proper conceptualization of space is resolved through human practice with respect to it. —(Harvey 1973, 13, italics original, our underline).
Complexity Theory, Systems Theory, and Multiple Intersecting
- Social Inequalities”, Philosophy of Social Sciences
, 2007
"... The online version of this article can be found at: ..."
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Cited by 26 (1 self)
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The online version of this article can be found at:
Deconstructing Professionalism in Early Childhood Education: resisting the regulatory gaze, Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood
- Training and Workforce Issues in the Early Years, in G. Pugh & B. Duffy (Eds) Contemporary Issues in the Early Years
, 2006
"... ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to problematise the dominant construction of ‘professionalism ’ as created and promoted by the United Kingdom Government through policy. Like other professionals working in education, early years practitioners are subjected to a disempowering, regulatory gaze in t ..."
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Cited by 23 (0 self)
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ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to problematise the dominant construction of ‘professionalism ’ as created and promoted by the United Kingdom Government through policy. Like other professionals working in education, early years practitioners are subjected to a disempowering, regulatory gaze in the name of higher standards. The preoccupation with satisfying dominant and externally imposed constructions of professionalism leaves little time to engage in meaningful critiques of the status quo, and as a consequence of social engineering those working in the early years become constrained by demands for technicist practice. The discourse of rationality is deconstructed to reveal that through its dominance and perpetuation early years practitioners are regulated and controlled in their attempts to satisfy the demands for performativity and technicist practice. This article draws upon and is framed by the work of Foucault, in particular his concern with ‘disciplinary technologies ’ that produce docile bodies as objects that yield to the discourse, and his focus upon rules that govern the discourse – in this case the discourse professionalism. The article concludes with a discussion of the vital and important role that agency plays and it is argued that practitioners are not passively shaped by social structure but that they are active in challenging, negotiating and reforming the discourses through which they are positioned and defined and therein lies the possibility for resisting the regulatory gaze.
