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516
Supporting Trust in Virtual Communities
, 2000
"... At any given time, the stability of a community depends on the right balance of trust and distrust. Furthermore, we face information overload, increased uncertainty and risk taking as a prominent feature of modern living. As members of society, we cope with these complexities and uncertainties by re ..."
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Cited by 401 (8 self)
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At any given time, the stability of a community depends on the right balance of trust and distrust. Furthermore, we face information overload, increased uncertainty and risk taking as a prominent feature of modern living. As members of society, we cope with these complexities and uncertainties by relying trust, which is the basis of all social interactions. Although a small number of trust models have been proposed for the virtual medium, we find that they are largely impractical and artificial. In this paper we provide and discuss a trust model that is grounded in real-world social trust characteristics, and based on a reputation mechanism, or word-of-mouth. Our proposed model allows agents to decide which other agents' opinions they trust more and allows agents to progressively tune their understanding of another agent's subjective recommendations.
Managing Trust in a Peer-2-Peer Information System
, 2001
"... Managing trust is a problem of particular importance ...In this paper we illustrate that the problem needs to be addressed at both the data management and the semantic, i.e. trust management, level and we devise a method of how trust assessments can be performed by using at both levels scalable peer ..."
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Cited by 395 (26 self)
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Managing trust is a problem of particular importance ...In this paper we illustrate that the problem needs to be addressed at both the data management and the semantic, i.e. trust management, level and we devise a method of how trust assessments can be performed by using at both levels scalable peer-to-peer mechanisms. We expect that such methods are an important factor if fully decentralized peer-to-peer systems should become the platform for more serious applications than simple file exchange
A Survey of Trust in Internet Applications
, 2000
"... Trust is an important aspect of decision making for Intemet applications and particularly influences the specification of security policy i.e. who is authorised to perform actions as well as the techniques needed to manage and implement security to and for the applications. This survey examines the ..."
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Cited by 308 (5 self)
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Trust is an important aspect of decision making for Intemet applications and particularly influences the specification of security policy i.e. who is authorised to perform actions as well as the techniques needed to manage and implement security to and for the applications. This survey examines the various definitions of trust in the literature and provides a working definition of trust for Intemet applications. The properties of trust relationships are explained and classes of different types of trust identified in the literature are discussed with examples. Some influential examples of trust management systems are described.
A Distributed Trust Model
, 1997
"... The widespread use of the Internet signals the need for a better understanding of trust as a basis for secure on-line interaction. In the face of increasing uncertainty and risk, users must be allowed to reason effectively about the trustworthiness of on-line entities. In this paper, we outline the ..."
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Cited by 264 (0 self)
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The widespread use of the Internet signals the need for a better understanding of trust as a basis for secure on-line interaction. In the face of increasing uncertainty and risk, users must be allowed to reason effectively about the trustworthiness of on-line entities. In this paper, we outline the shortcomings of current security approaches for managing trust and propose a model for trust, based on distributed recommendations.
Computing and Applying Trust in Web-based Social Networks
, 2005
"... The proliferation of web-based social networks has lead to new innovations in social networking, particularly by allowing users to describe their relationships beyond a basic connection. In this dissertation, I look specifically at trust in web-based social networks, how it can be computed, and how ..."
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Cited by 205 (16 self)
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The proliferation of web-based social networks has lead to new innovations in social networking, particularly by allowing users to describe their relationships beyond a basic connection. In this dissertation, I look specifically at trust in web-based social networks, how it can be computed, and how it can be used in applications. I begin with a definition of trust and a description of several properties that affect how it is used in algorithms. This is complemented by a survey of web-based social networks to gain an understanding of their scope, the types of relationship information available, and the current state of trust. The computational problem of trust is to determine how much one person in the network should trust another person to whom they are not connected. I present two sets of algorithms for calculating these trust inferences: one for networks with binary trust ratings, and one for continuous ratings. For each rating scheme, the algorithms are built upon the defined notions of trust. Each is then analyzed theoretically and with respect to simulated and actual trust networks to determine how accurately they calculate the opinions of people in the system. I show that in both rating schemes the algorithms
A computational model of trust and reputation
- In Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Science (HICSS
, 2002
"... Despite their many advantages, e-Businesses lag behind brick and mortar businesses in several fundamental respects. This paper concerns one of these: relationships based on trust and reputation. Recent studies on simple reputation systems for e-Businesses such as eBay have pointed to the importance ..."
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Cited by 199 (0 self)
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Despite their many advantages, e-Businesses lag behind brick and mortar businesses in several fundamental respects. This paper concerns one of these: relationships based on trust and reputation. Recent studies on simple reputation systems for e-Businesses such as eBay have pointed to the importance of such rating systems for deterring moral hazard and encouraging trusting interactions. However, despite numerous studies on trust and reputation systems, few have taken studies across disciplines to provide an integrated account of these concepts and their relationships. This paper first surveys existing literatures on trust, reputation and a related concept: reciprocity. Based on sociological and biological understandings of these concepts, a computational model is proposed. This model can be implemented in a real system to consistently calculate agents ’ trust and reputation scores. 1.
Review on Computational Trust and Reputation Models
- Artificial Intelligence Review (2005
, 2005
"... Abstract. The scientific research in the area of computational mechanisms for trust and reputation in virtual societies is a recent discipline oriented to increase the reli-ability and performance of electronic communities. Computer science has moved from the paradigm of isolated machines to the par ..."
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Cited by 195 (0 self)
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Abstract. The scientific research in the area of computational mechanisms for trust and reputation in virtual societies is a recent discipline oriented to increase the reli-ability and performance of electronic communities. Computer science has moved from the paradigm of isolated machines to the paradigm of networks and distributed com-puting. Likewise, artificial intelligence is quickly moving from the paradigm of iso-lated and non-situated intelligence to the paradigm of situated, social and collective intelligence. The new paradigm of the so called intelligent or autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (MAS) together with the spectacular emergence of the informa-tion society technologies (specially reflected by the popularization of electronic com-merce) are responsible for the increasing interest on trust and reputation mechanisms applied to electronic societies. This review wants to offer a panoramic view on current computational trust and reputation models.
Trust in Recommender Systems
- Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. O n Intelligent User Interface (IUI
, 2005
"... Recommender systems have proven to be an important response to the information overload problem, by provid-ing users with more proactive and personalized information services. And collaborative filtering techniques have proven to be an vital component of many such recommender sys-tems as they facili ..."
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Cited by 191 (10 self)
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Recommender systems have proven to be an important response to the information overload problem, by provid-ing users with more proactive and personalized information services. And collaborative filtering techniques have proven to be an vital component of many such recommender sys-tems as they facilitate the generation of high-quality recom-mendations by leveraging the preferences of communities of similar users. In this paper we suggest that the traditional emphasis on user similarity may be overstated. We argue that additional factors have an important role to play in guiding recommendation. Specifically we propose that the trustworthiness of users must be an important consideration. We present two computational models of trust and show how they can be readily incorporated into standard collaborative filtering frameworks in a variety of ways. We also show how these trust models can lead to improved predictive accuracy during recommendation.
An Evidential Model of Distributed Reputation Management
- In Proceedings of First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
, 2002
"... For agents to function effectively in large and open networks, they must ensure that their correspondents, i.e., the agents they interact with, are trustworthy. Since no central authorities may exist, the only way agents can find trustworthy correspondents is by collaborating with others to identify ..."
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Cited by 178 (10 self)
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For agents to function effectively in large and open networks, they must ensure that their correspondents, i.e., the agents they interact with, are trustworthy. Since no central authorities may exist, the only way agents can find trustworthy correspondents is by collaborating with others to identify those whose past behavior has been untrustworthy. In other words, finding trustworthy correspondents reduces to the problem of distributed reputation management. Our approach adapts the mathematical theory of evidence to represent and propagate the ratings that agents give to their correspondents. When evaluating the trustworthiness of a correspondent, an agent combines its local evidence (based on direct prior interactions with the correspondent) with the testimonies of other agents regarding the same correspondent. We experimentally studied this approach to establish that some important properties of trust are captured by it.
Principles of trust for MAS: cognitive anatomy, social importance, and quantification
, 1998
"... After arguing about the crucial importance of trust for Agents and MAS, we provide a definition of trust both as a mental state and as a social attitude and relation. We present the mental ingredients of trust: its specific beliefs and goals, with special attention to evaluations and expectations. W ..."
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Cited by 177 (16 self)
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After arguing about the crucial importance of trust for Agents and MAS, we provide a definition of trust both as a mental state and as a social attitude and relation. We present the mental ingredients of trust: its specific beliefs and goals, with special attention to evaluations and expectations. We show the relation between trust and the mental background of delegation. We explain why trust is a bet, and implies some risks, and analyse the most basic forms of non-social trust (reliance on objects and tools) to arrive at the more complex forms of social trust, based on morality and reputation. Finally we present a principled quantification of trust, based on its cognitive ingredients, and use this "degree of trust " as the basis for a rational decision to delegate or not to another agent. The paper is
