Based on Coroners ' verdicts, fatigue of car or truck drivers was a contributing factor in 9.1 % of fatal accidents involving trucks. Based on the presence of factors such as extended driving hours, falling asleep at the wheel, comments about tiredness, driving right of centre and night-time driving, the authors estimated fatigue contributed to 19.9 % of the accidents. There were approximately equal numbers of fatigued car drivers and truck drivers. An analysis of casualty and fatal truck accidents by time of day (adjusted for exposure) showed that accident risks were highest during the night on all five Victorian highways studied. Driver fatigue is one of the possible factors underlying this pattern of elevated risk. The report section described in-vehicle fatigue counter-measures. The distinction between fatigue monitors and alerting devices was made and it was recommended that eye closure and head nodding monitors and an alerting device be tested in the next stage of this project. Key Words: Fatigue (human), accident rate, fatality,

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Trucks occupy a large and growing segment of the traffic on American highways. On many rural interstate highways, trucks constitute more than one-third of the total traffic stream. Truck crashes present unique safety challenges, including greater mass of the truck and truck drivers’ unique working schedules. It is generally accepted that commercial motor vehicle driver safety is related to drivers ’ work schedules, including driving time, on-duty/not-driving time, and off-duty time. In 1938, the nowabolished Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) enforced the first hours-of-service (HOS) rules for the industry to promote the healthy development of the carrier industry and protect drivers ’ safety. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of driver hours of service were performed to assess the implications of particular policies on the odds of a crash. The outcomes studied were crashes reported by the trucking companies cooperating with the study. These crashes involved either a fatality, an injury requiring medical treatment away from the scene of the crash, or a towaway. Carrier-supplied driver logs for periods of 1–2 weeks prior to the crash were used and compared to a random sample (two drivers) of non-crash-involved drivers selected from the

Connecting Research in Security to Practice (CRISP) reports provide insights into how different types of security issues can be effectively tackled. Drawing on research and evidence from around the world, each report summarizes the prevailing knowledge about a specifi c aspect of security, and then recommends proven approaches to counter the threat. Connecting scientifi c research with existing security actions helps form good practices. Reports are written to appeal to security practitioners in different types of organizations and at different levels. Readers will inevitably adapt what is presented to meet their own requirements. They will also consider how they can integrate the recommended actions with existing or planned programs in their organizations. Drawing upon a range of studies, Dr James Miller, examines how fatigue, caused by working irregular or shift hours, can impact the performance of security personnel. Crucially Dr Miller highlights how human factors can be managed to ensure the maximum effectiveness of shift work systems. This report will most likely become an essential reference point to guide good practice. CRISP reports are sister publications to those produced by Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) of the U.S. Department of Justice, which can be accessed at www.cops.usdoj.gov. While that series focuses on policing, this one focuses on security.