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...d cloaked time windows to achieve k-anonymity. This present work, in comparison, concentrates on providing privacy without requiring a single trustworthy entity. There are many best effort approaches =-=[12, 52, 43, 33, 13]-=- that degrade information in a controlled way before releasing it. These approaches can be implemented in a centralized architecture or a decentralized approach. Many best effort approaches successful...

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...data may reveal the identity of the user (e.g., if the GPS trace ends up most nights at a particular address). It can also shed light on user activities. This problem is often termed location privacy =-=[Li-etal06]-=-. Ensuring location privacy is a cross-cutting challenge that has implications on services such routing [Kamat-etal05] and energy management [Ozturk-etal04]. Observe that a mobile node is not restrict...

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...thms based on the k-anonymity concept [42, 22, 24], however, modify the location traces substantially and cannot meet the accuracy requirements of the traffic monitoring application. Other techniques =-=[6, 27, 36]-=- achieve better accuracy but cannot guarantee privacy in low user density scenarios. This paper addresses the challenge of providing strong privacy guarantees while maintaining high data accuracy of t...

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...ancement under the GPA model. The inherent uncertainty in vehicle movement during lane merging/changing increases location privacy compared to mainlines where vehicles move straight as shown by us in =-=[26]-=-. At the same time the accident rate is lower when merging/changing lanes compared to when keeping lanes [27], [28]. On the other hand, while under the constraint of the safety message broadcast perio...

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...cation traces, location traces should also be altered spatially. To do this, mix zones can also conceal the trajectory of mobile nodes to the external adversary by using: (i) Silent/encrypted periods =-=[17,28,37]-=-, (ii) a mobile proxy [42], or (iii) regions where the adversary has no coverage [12]. The effectiveness of a mix zone, in terms of the location privacy it provides, depends on the adversary’s ability...

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...itive approach for achieving location privacy in VANETs. However, how to detect k vehicles in neighborhood and how to guarantee neighboring vehicles to react similarly should be further exploited. In =-=[13]-=-, Li et al. propose two user-centric location tracking mitigation schemes called Swing and Swap, where Swing can increase location privacy by enabling the nodes to loosely synchronize updates when cha...

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.... It is thus desirable to protect the location privacy in a user-centric manner, such that each user can decide when and where to protect its location privacy. User-centric location privacy [10] [11] =-=[15]-=- is a distributed approach where each mobile node locally monitors its location privacy level over time. The user centric approach is easily scalable and permits a more fine-grained approach to mainta...

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...vel. Thus, the metric captures the uncertainty (measured by the entropy) of the adversary in the identification process. This metric has been widely used for measuring location privacy as well (e.g., =-=[6, 8, 23, 24, 26, 28]-=-). The location privacy of a given user is computed as the uncertainty of the adversary in linking the user’s observed events. Let u be a user in U and consider an event êi ∈ Ru|obs. Let a random va...

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...mplemented mostly in distributed architectures where mobile devices refrain from transmitting information by being silent during certain time periods. Privacy sensitive users, or privacy tools (e.g., =-=[10, 44, 45, 47, 53]-=-) make use of mainly this method (along with other method). It can also be implemented in the centralized architecture. A service provider who follows some privacy policies, in practice, is applying t...