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... Task Force (IETF) has proposed many service models and mechanisms to meet the demand for QoS. Notably among them are the Integrated Services/RSVP model [4, 8], the Differentiated Services (DS) model =-=[23, 24]-=-, MPLS [34], Traffic Engineering [37] and Constraint Based Routing [44]. The Integrated Services model is characterized by resource reservation. For real-time applications, before data are transmitted...

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...by this profile.sCongestion: RTP and this profile may be used in the context ofsenhanced network service, for example, through Integrated Servicess(RFC 1633) [4] or Differentiated Services (RFC 2475) =-=[5]-=-, or theysmay be used with best effort service.sIf enhanced service is being used, RTP receivers SHOULD monitorspacket loss to ensure that the service that was requested issactually being delivered.sI...

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...o Quality of Service (QoS) transparency.sForsexample, there may be potential interaction with the priority-basedsmultiplexing mechanism described in Section 3.5 and the use ofsdifferentiated services =-=[RFC2475]-=-.sTherefore, users and networksadministrators who wish to deploy a PEP should look not only at thesimplications described in this document but also at the overallsimpact (positive and negative) that t...

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...spossibility of congestion.sIncreasingly, the Internet will have to function in the presence ofsdifferent classes of traffic with different service requirements.sThe advent of Differentiated Services =-=[RFC-2475]-=- makes thissrequirement particularly acute.sThus, packets may be grouped intosbehavior aggregates such that each behavior aggregate may have ascommon set of behavioral characteristics or a common set ...

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...on Network nodes that implement the differentiated services enhancements to IP use a codepoint in the IP header to select a per-hop behavior (PHB) as the specific forwarding treatment for that packet =-=[3, 4]-=-. This memo describes a particular PHB called expedited forwarding (EF). The intent of the EF PHB is to provide a building block for low loss, low delay, and low jitter services. The details of exactl...

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...required to provide QoS support to guarantee bandwidth, bounded delay, delay jitter, and packet loss for video applications (e.g., integrated services [6], [11], [42], [65] or differentiated services =-=[2]-=-, [27], [35]). The second approach is solely end system-based and does not impose any requirements on the network. In particular, the end systems employ control techniques to maximize the video qualit...

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...dress of the ingress of a tunnel. Source address filtering could verify that the IP address of the ingress is legitimate, but could not generally determine if the true internal source address was legitimate. Second, legitimate packets that emerge from a tunnel may be dropped due to deviation from a normal path caused by tunneling. IP source routing is similar to IP tunneling in that a packet may also reach its destination via a different path than normal [10] [19]. SAVE also seeks to work with new developments in packet routing research, such as the per-hop behavior in differentiated services [4], multipath routing [27], and multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) [22]. 7 CONCLUSION Network attacks pose an increasing danger to the Internet community. The source addresses of malicious packets are often forged to hinder discovery of the attacker. Existing methods of overcoming this problem (periphery filtering, filtering based on forwarding tables, or various tracing techniques that discover the physical path of malicious packets) all have limitations in their cost or effectiveness. In this paper we present a practical and effective approach to detect improperly addressed packets. We deve...