This paper describes the application of Real-Time Maude to the formal specification, simulation, and further formal analysis of the sophisticated state-of-the-art OGDC wireless sensor network algorithm. Wireless sensor networks in general, and the OGDC algorithm in particular, pose many challenges to their formal specification and analysis, including novel communication forms, treatment of geographic areas, time-dependent and probabilistic features, and the need to analyze both correctness and performance. Real-Time Maude extends the rewriting logic tool Maude to support formal specification and analysis of objectbased real-time systems. This paper explains how we formally specified OGDC in Real-Time Maude, how we could simulate our specification to perform all the analyses done by the algorithm developers using the network simulation tool ns-2, and how we could perform further formal analyses which are beyond the capabilities of simulation tools. A remarkable result is that our Real-Time Maude simulations seem to provide a much more accurate estimate of the performance of OGDC than the ns-2 simulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a formal tool has been applied to an advanced wireless sensor network algorithm.

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This master’s thesis investigates the suitability of using the real-time formalism and tool Real-Time Maude to formally model and analyze wireless sensor networks. Real-Time Maude’s applicability to wireless sensor networks is explored by formally modeling and analyzing the recently developed wireless sensor network algorithm the optimal geographical density control algorithm (OGDC). Wireless sensor networks are a relatively new network domain and pose challenges to the flexibility of existing modeling formalisms. These challenges are met by Real-Time Maude in this thesis, where new aspects, such as power consumption and broadcasting with limited range, are naturally modeled, while integrating other aspects of the OGDC algorithm, like modeling coverage areas and probabilistic behavior without any problems. Additionally, the Real-Time Maude model results in a precise specification of the OGDC algorithm at a fairly high level of abstraction. The OGDC algorithm has previously been simulated in the network targeted simulation tool The Network Simulator (ns-2). In this thesis, I show how analogous simulations can be performed using Real-Time Maude. The results of my simulations deviates somewhat from the results of the simulations using ns-2, for which exact reason was not found (as this is not the