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Metacognitive model of mindfulness
- Consciousness and cognition
, 2014
"... a b s t r a c t Mindfulness training has proven to be an efficacious therapeutic tool for a variety of clinical and nonclinical health problems and a booster of well-being. In this paper we propose a multi-level metacognitive model of mindfulness. We postulate and discuss following hypothesis: (1) ..."
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a b s t r a c t Mindfulness training has proven to be an efficacious therapeutic tool for a variety of clinical and nonclinical health problems and a booster of well-being. In this paper we propose a multi-level metacognitive model of mindfulness. We postulate and discuss following hypothesis: (1) mindfulness is related to the highest level of metacognition; (2) mindfulness depends on dynamic cooperation of three main components of the metacognition (metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experiences and metacognitive skills); (3) a mindful meta-level is always conscious while the other meta-cognitive processes can occur implicitly; (4) intentionally practiced mindfulness decreases dissociations between awareness and meta-awareness; (5) components of mindful meta-level develop and change during continuous practice. The current model is discussed in the light of empirical data and other theoretical approaches to mindfulness concept. We believe that presented model provides some helpful avenues for future research and theoretical investigations into mindfulness and the mechanisms of its actions.
DOI: 10.1177/1073191110386342
"... Langer’s theory of mindfulness proposes that a mindful person seeks out and produces novelty, is attentive to context, and is flexible in thought and behavior. In three independent studies, the factor structure of the Langer Mindfulness/Mindlessness Scale was examined. Confirmatory factor analysis f ..."
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Langer’s theory of mindfulness proposes that a mindful person seeks out and produces novelty, is attentive to context, and is flexible in thought and behavior. In three independent studies, the factor structure of the Langer Mindfulness/Mindlessness Scale was examined. Confirmatory factor analysis failed to replicate the four-factor model and a subsequent exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of a two-factor (mindfulness and mindlessness) solution. Study 2 demonstrated that the two factors assessed discrete constructs and were not merely products of acquiescence. Support was also found for a nine-item, one-factor model comprised solely of mindfulness items. On comparing models, Study 3 suggested the superiority of the one-factor mindfulness model. Finally, a preliminary investigation of the concurrent validity of the revised nine-item Langer Mindfulness/Mindlessness Scale is presented. The current article offers researchers a revised version of a mindfulness measure derived from a cognitive perspective.
Article The Experiential Incompatibility of Mindfulness and Flow Absorption
"... Mindfulness and flow are both beneficial states of mind, but are they difficult to experience simultaneously? After all, flow involves losing self-awareness within an activity, and mindfulness involves maintaining self-awareness throughout or even despite an activity. In three studies, we examine th ..."
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Mindfulness and flow are both beneficial states of mind, but are they difficult to experience simultaneously? After all, flow involves losing self-awareness within an activity, and mindfulness involves maintaining self-awareness throughout or even despite an activity. In three studies, we examine this potential antagonism, finding negative associations between mindfulness and flow as assessed in a variety of ways and contexts. These associations emerged within Global trait data and diary data concerning daily goal behavior (Study 1), experience-sampling data concerning behavior at the time of signaling (Study 2), and experimental data concerning the experience of playing the flow-conducive computer game, Tetris, after undergoing a mindfulness induction (Study 3). However, these associations only apply to the ‘‘absorption’ ’ aspect of flow, not the ‘‘sense of control’ ’ aspect. Keywords agency, health, self-regulation, personality, motivation and performance Positive psychology is, in part, a quest to understand optimal experience (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Two forms of optimal experiencing have received the majority of attention within the literature, that is, mindfulness and flow. Mindfulness involves ‘‘non-elaborative, non-judgmental,
Candidate Psychology
, 2015
"... This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: ..."
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This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee:
Running head: MIND THE GAP IN MINDFULNESS RESEARCH 1 The title: Mind the Gap in Mindfulness Research: A comparative account of the leading schools of thought
"... The literature on mindfulness has been dominated by the two leading schools of thought: one advanced by Langer and her colleagues the other developed by Kabat-Zinn and his associates. Curiously, the two strands of research have been running in parallel lines for more than 30 years, scarcely addressi ..."
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The literature on mindfulness has been dominated by the two leading schools of thought: one advanced by Langer and her colleagues the other developed by Kabat-Zinn and his associates. Curiously, the two strands of research have been running in parallel lines for more than 30 years, scarcely addressing each others ’ work, and with hardly any attempt to clarify the relationship between them. In view of this gap, this paper aims to systematically compare and contrast the two lines of research. The comparison between the two schools of thought suggests that while there are some similarities in their definitions of mindfulness, they differ in several core aspects: their philosophies, the components of their constructs, their goals, their theoretical scope, their measurement tools, their conceptual focus, their target audiences, the interventions they employ, the mechanisms underlying these interventions, and the outcomes of their interventions. However, the analysis also revealed that self-regulation is a core mechanism in both perspectives, which seems to mediate the impact of their interventions. In view of the differences between the two strands of research, we propose that they would be given different titles that capture their prime features. We suggest ‘creativemindfulness’ for Langer and her colleagues ’ scholarship, and ‘meditative-mindfulness ’ for Kabat-Zinn and his associates ’ scholarly work.
