... run in anti-parallel directions along the PIL. Shearing motions over the neutral line, in the transition region, chromosphere and corona (with a magnitude of about 20 km s−1) have also been observed =-=[13,14]-=-. The gradual and persistent emergence of magnetic flux in EFRs may lead to the formation of a longer magnetic flux system, which can expand into the corona. Indeed, long ‘arch filament’ systems, visi...