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...ovitis. Our data has demonstrated anti-oxidant and anti-osteoarthritic role of oral administration of S. cordifolia and P. longum in rat model with respect to cartilage protection. In our previous studies, both plants have shown protective effects by controlling key components in OA pathogenesis; like knee and paw swelling, GAG release in serum and cartilage degradation as assessed by radiographs and histopathological investigation (Nirmal et al., 2013). The antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds possesses ability to scavenge radicals and thereby protecting cells against oxidative stress (Ndhlala et al., 2010). In OA, oxidative stress leads to structural and functional damage to chondrocytes as well as cartilage degradation via aggrecan and collagen (Aydogan et al, 2008; Watari et al., 2011). Our results showed presence of significant amount of phenolics in S. cordifolia and P. longum, which might have been responsible for their anti-oxidant activity. Both plants revealed scavenging potential against DPPH, possess strong reducing power and exhibited dose dependent efficacy along with the standard (Table 1). Release of (NO) and superoxide anion (O2 ˗ ) are the stress responses produced by chondrocyt...

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...eolysates prepared from papain showed significantly (...

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...internal antioxidant system can be significantly enhanced by exogenous antioxidants, including plant phenolics that are supplied to humans as food components or as specific preventive pharmaceuticals =-=[3]-=-. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants act interactively to maintain or re-establish redox homeostasis, which is critical in maintaining a healthy biological system [2]. Many phenolic constituents of...

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... [7]. This suggests that treatment of AD should involve acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants that can scavenge the excess free radicals and antagonize the consequences of oxidative stress =-=[8,9]-=-. In addition, the literature reports that many standard drugs contain a polyamine backbone in their structures (Figure 1), and that the AChE gorge is lined with various preserved aromatic residues wh...

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...erosis, coronary diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative brain disorders. To ensure the optimum protection from the over-production of ROS, there is a need to provide antioxidants as part of the diet =-=[11]-=-. Antioxidants are also required to preserve food for prolonged storage and transport [11]. Food and pharmaceutical products are thus normally supplemented with synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as...

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...ite these limitations, the DPPH radical is a simple, stable and useful spectrophotometric method with regard to screening measuring the antioxidant capacity of both pure compounds and complex samples =-=[25,26]-=-.Molecules 2012, 17 12566 Figure 4. Effect of S. guaraniticum CE and fractions on protein carbonyl content in serum samples. * significant difference (p < 0.05) from the not induced group (vehicle), ...

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...sosbeen used to prevent the deleterious effects of ROS, as well as a variety of non-enzymatic antioxidantssthat include ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, flavonoids, aromatic amines and carotenoids =-=[15,16]-=-.sCarotenoids are synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, bacteria and fungi whilst animals, insgeneral, cannot produce them de novo. Animals obtain the necessary carotenoids either directlysfrom the...

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...atios of antioxidant is not linear [12]. Moreover, interpretation of the results is complicated if the antioxidants, for example, carotenoids, have absorbance spectra that overlap with DPPH at 517 nm =-=[13]-=-. 2.8. ABTS Scavenging Effect. The Wootton-Beard [14] modified method was used to determine scavenging activity of ABTS radical cation. ABTS∙+ was generated by mixing a 7mM aqueous solution of ABTS wi...