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68
The heart’s content: The association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health
- Psychological Bulletin
, 2012
"... This review investigates the association between positive psychological well-being (PPWB) and cardio-vascular disease (CVD). We also consider the mechanisms by which PPWB may be linked with CVD, focusing on the health behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep quality an ..."
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This review investigates the association between positive psychological well-being (PPWB) and cardio-vascular disease (CVD). We also consider the mechanisms by which PPWB may be linked with CVD, focusing on the health behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep quality and quantity, and food consumption) and biological functions (e.g., cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic processes) that are most relevant for cardiovascular health. Because PPWB is a broad concept, not all aspects of PPWB may be associated with cardiovascular health. Thus, we distinguish between eudaimonic well-being, hedonic well-being, optimism, and other measures of well-being when reviewing the literature. Findings suggest that PPWB protects consistently against CVD, independently of tradi-tional risk factors and ill-being. Specifically, optimism is most robustly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. In general, PPWB is also positively associated with restorative health behaviors and biological function and inversely associated with deteriorative health behaviors and biological function. Cardiovascular health is more consistently associated with optimism and hedonic well-being than with eudaimonic well-being, although this could be due in part to more limited evidence being available concerning eudaimonic well-being. Some similarities were also evident across different measures of PPWB, which is likely due to measurement overlap. A theoretical context for this research is provided, and suggestions for future research are given, including the need for additional prospective investigations and research that includes multiple constructs of psychological well-being and ill-being.
Culture and subjective well-being
- In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 691–713
, 2007
"... The cross-cultural importance of happiness and contentment can be inferred from their emergence in philosophical discussions across many cultural traditions. Aristotle linked happiness to virtuous behavior; Bentham regarded it as the basis for an overarching moral principle (Kesebir & Diener, 2 ..."
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The cross-cultural importance of happiness and contentment can be inferred from their emergence in philosophical discussions across many cultural traditions. Aristotle linked happiness to virtuous behavior; Bentham regarded it as the basis for an overarching moral principle (Kesebir & Diener, 2008). An appeal of Buddhist meditation is the sense of contentment and freedom from suffering that mindful awareness can bring (Gaskins, 1999). Even Confucius—whose emphasis on social harmony and righteous action invites the image of a stern, conservative scholar—was said to be a man “whose life was full of joy” (Confucius, 1979, p.54), a characteristic that
Characterizing Geographic Variation in Well-Being using Tweets
"... The language used in tweets from 1,300 different US counties was found to be predictive of the subjective well-being of people living in those counties as mea-sured by representative surveys. Topics, sets of co-occurring words derived from the tweets using LDA, improved accuracy in predicting life s ..."
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The language used in tweets from 1,300 different US counties was found to be predictive of the subjective well-being of people living in those counties as mea-sured by representative surveys. Topics, sets of co-occurring words derived from the tweets using LDA, improved accuracy in predicting life satisfaction over and above standard demographic and socio-economic controls (age, gender, ethnicity, income, and education). The LDA topics provide a greater behavioural and con-ceptual resolution into life satisfaction than the broad socio-economic and demographic variables. For exam-ple, tied in with the psychological literature, words re-lating to outdoor activities, spiritual meaning, exercise, and good jobs correlate with increased life satisfaction, while words signifying disengagement like ’bored ’ and ’tired ’ show a negative association.
Affective science and health: The importance of emotion and emotion regulation
- Health Psychology
, 2013
"... Objective: The goal of this article is to provide insight into how recent findings from affective science may be translated into the health arena. Methods: We first review definitional issues related to the key concepts of emotion and stress. We then review relevant research that informs our underst ..."
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Objective: The goal of this article is to provide insight into how recent findings from affective science may be translated into the health arena. Methods: We first review definitional issues related to the key concepts of emotion and stress. We then review relevant research that informs our understanding of the affect–health relationship. Subsequently, we highlight findings that are the most informative and also ripe for translation into the domains of health and health-related behaviors. Results: We identify several domains of affect-relevant processes (e.g., emotion-regulation, stress response) that would benefit from increased elaboration. Three themes may guide how best to broaden our understanding across multiple domains: the need to use a differentiated emotion-based approach, the need to consider potential synergistic and oppositional effects of emotion that can occur in parallel, and the need to examine the impact of emotions with respect to regulation and coping at both the intra- and interindividual levels. Building on insights derived from these themes, we suggest a broad integrative framework for use with future investigations. This framework categorizes potential emotion-related effects on health according to whether they influence health directly (e.g., shaping physiological responses) or indirectly (e.g., guiding decision making and behavior). Using this approach will allow researchers to examine system-atically the often simultaneous and sometimes opposing influences of emotion on distinct health-relevant cognitive and physiological mechanisms, and to integrate across potentially disparate findings. Conclu-sions: We conclude by suggesting opportunities for future work that we see as most fruitful based on the presented framework.
The relation of character strengths to past, present, and future life satisfaction among German-speaking women. Appl. Psychol. Health Well Being 3, 370–384. doi
, 2011
"... Background: Peterson and Seligman (2004) argue that character strengths are fulfilling and contribute to the “good life”. Building upon earlier research, this study tests the relation of strengths to past, present, and future life satisfaction. Methods: A sample of 1,087 women completed the Values i ..."
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Background: Peterson and Seligman (2004) argue that character strengths are fulfilling and contribute to the “good life”. Building upon earlier research, this study tests the relation of strengths to past, present, and future life satisfaction. Methods: A sample of 1,087 women completed the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale in an online study. Results: The results suggest that primarily the strengths curiosity, hope, grati-tude, love, and zest contributed to life satisfaction. Appreciation of beauty and excellence contributed more to past life satisfaction in older than in younger participants. For future life satisfaction religiousness was of importance while it was not for past or present satisfaction. Conclusions: The study underlines the importance of five key strengths that contribute to life satisfaction. It is argued that the study of the relation of character strengths with life satisfaction would greatly benefit from taking a life span perspective into account.
Wellbeing and social capital on planet Earth: cross-national evidence from 142 countries
- Proceedings of the Library of Science
, 2012
"... (Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. ..."
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(Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters.
How can subjective well-being be improved
- In F. Gorbet & A. Sharpe (Eds
"... Individuals, communities and governments are increasingly interested in using subjective well-being – based on how individuals rate the quality of their own lives- to supplement or even supplant more conventional economic mea-sures of individual and social progress. Some countries, including Bhutan ..."
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Individuals, communities and governments are increasingly interested in using subjective well-being – based on how individuals rate the quality of their own lives- to supplement or even supplant more conventional economic mea-sures of individual and social progress. Some countries, including Bhutan
Mother positivity and family adjustment in households with children with a serious disability
- Journal of Child and Family Studies
, 2012
"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Optimal Expectations and the Welfare cost of Climate Variability
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, LSE, Working Paper No
, 2013
"... Uncertainty about the future is an important determinant of well-being, especially in developing countries where financial markets and other market failures result in ineffective insurance mechanisms. However, separating the effects of future uncertainty from realised events, and then measuring its ..."
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Uncertainty about the future is an important determinant of well-being, especially in developing countries where financial markets and other market failures result in ineffective insurance mechanisms. However, separating the effects of future uncertainty from realised events, and then measuring its im-pact on utility presents a number of empirical challenges. This paper addresses these issues and shows that increased climate variability (a proxy for future in-come uncertainty) reduces farmers ’ subjective well-being, consistent with the theory of optimal expectations (Brunnermeier & Parker, 2005), using panel data from rural Ethiopia and a new data set containing daily atmospheric pa-rameters. The magnitude of our result indicates that a one standard deviation (7%) increase in climate variability has an equivalent effect on life satisfaction to a two standard deviation (1-2%) decrease in consumption. This effect is
How Happiness Affects Choice
- Journal of Consumer Research
, 2012
"... JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JS ..."
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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
