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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Triggers Angiogenesis via the Modulation of Endometrial Stromal Cell Responsiveness to Interleukin 1: A New Possible Mechanism Underlying Embryo Implantation1
"... Deep functional changes occurring within the endometrium during implantation are orchestrated by embryonic and mater-nal signals. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a major embryonic signal, plays a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy. Interleukin (IL) 1, one of the earlies ..."
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Deep functional changes occurring within the endometrium during implantation are orchestrated by embryonic and mater-nal signals. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a major embryonic signal, plays a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy. Interleukin (IL) 1, one of the earliest embryonic signals, appears to exert a direct impact on the receptive endometrium and to induce major molecular changes that are essential for embryo implantation. Herein we investi-gate whether hCG can modulate endometrial stromal cell (ESC) receptivity to IL1 during the implantation window and assess the impact on angiogenesis in vitro. Primary cultures of ESCs from normal fertile women during the implantation window were treated for 24 h with different concentrations of hCG (0–100 ng/ ml) and stimulated for 24 h with IL1B (0–0.1 ng/ml). IL1
Rigo J: Leptin gene (TTTC)(n) microsatellite polymorphism in pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009, 47:1033-1037. doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-59 Cite this article as: Szarka et al.: Circulating cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules
- BMC Immunology
"... Background: Leptin plays an important role in energy homeostasis. There is polymorphism on the leptin (LEP) gene. Our aim was to compare the tetranucleo-tide repeat (TTTC)n polymorphism in the 39-flanking region in the LEP gene on DNA samples from patients with pre-eclampsia (PE), hemolysis, elevate ..."
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Background: Leptin plays an important role in energy homeostasis. There is polymorphism on the leptin (LEP) gene. Our aim was to compare the tetranucleo-tide repeat (TTTC)n polymorphism in the 39-flanking region in the LEP gene on DNA samples from patients with pre-eclampsia (PE), hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome and healthy pregnant controls. Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy pregnant women (ns88), patients with PE (ns79) and HELLP (ns77) syndrome. Fluorescent PCR and DNA fragment analysis was performed from the isolated DNA for the detection of (TTTC) repeats. The electro-phoretograms were evaluated and patients were assigned to two groups; class I low (-190 bp) or class II high (G190 bp) PCR fragments. Results: We observed similar distributions of the class I and class II (TTTC) alleles in the groups studied (class I allele: healthy pregnant 58.5%; severe pre-eclamptic 58.3%; HELLP syndrome 52.6%). We detect-ed a higher frequency of the II/II genotype in HELLP syndrome patients (32.4%) compared to healthy con-trols (22.7%). However, the difference was not statis-tically significant. Conclusions: In an ethnically homogenous popula-tion, the LEP gene (TTTC) microsatellite polymor-phism in the 39-flanking region does not show a significant difference in the allele and genotype dis-tribution in healthy pregnant, pre-eclamptic and HELLP syndrome patients. Furthermore, we recom-mend a new classification of the class I and class II alleles based on the distribution of the (TTTC) microsatellites.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY IN PREGNANCY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ADIPOKINES AND THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
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"... The hormone leptin is produced by adipose tissue, and can function as a signal of nutritional status to the reproductive system. The expression of leptin receptor and, in some species, leptin, in the placenta suggests a role for leptin in placental development, but this role has not been elucidated. ..."
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The hormone leptin is produced by adipose tissue, and can function as a signal of nutritional status to the reproductive system. The expression of leptin receptor and, in some species, leptin, in the placenta suggests a role for leptin in placental development, but this role has not been elucidated. Leptin is required at the time of embryo implantation in the leptin 5 deficient ob/ob mouse, and has been shown to upregulate expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in trophoblast invasion, in cultured human trophoblast cells. This led us to the hypothesis that leptin promotes the invasiveness of trophoblast cells crucial to placental development. We found that leptin stimulated mouse trophoblast cell invasion through a matrigel-coated insert on day 10, but not day 18 of 10 pregnancy. Optimal stimulation occurred at a concentration of 50 ng/ml leptin, similar to the peak plasma leptin concentration during pregnancy in the mouse. Leptin treatment did not stimulate proliferation of mouse trophoblast cells in primary culture. Leptin stimulation of invasion was prevented by 25µM GM6001, an inhibitor of MMP activity. Our results suggest that leptin may play a role in the establishment of the placenta during early pregnancy, and that 15 this function is dependent on MMP activity. This effect of leptin may represent one mechanism by which body condition affects placental development.
DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.104.032722 The Effect of Leptin on Mouse Trophoblast Cell Invasion1
"... The hormone leptin is produced by adipose tissue and can function as a signal of nutritional status to the reproductive sys-tem. The expression of leptin receptor and, in some species, lep-tin, in the placenta suggests a role for leptin in placental devel-opment, but this role has not been elucidate ..."
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The hormone leptin is produced by adipose tissue and can function as a signal of nutritional status to the reproductive sys-tem. The expression of leptin receptor and, in some species, lep-tin, in the placenta suggests a role for leptin in placental devel-opment, but this role has not been elucidated. Leptin is required at the time of embryo implantation in the leptin-deficient ob/ ob mouse and has been shown to upregulate expression of ma-trix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in tropho-blast invasion, in cultured human trophoblast cells. This led us to the hypothesis that leptin promotes the invasiveness of tro-phoblast cells crucial to placental development. We found that leptin stimulated mouse trophoblast cell invasion through a ma-trigel-coated insert on Day 10, but not Day 18 of pregnancy. Optimal stimulation occurred at a concentration of 50 ng/ml leptin, similar to the peak plasma leptin concentration during pregnancy in the mouse. Leptin treatment did not stimulate pro-liferation of mouse trophoblast cells in primary culture. Leptin stimulation of invasion was prevented by 25 mM GM6001, an inhibitor of MMP activity. Our results suggest that leptin may play a role in the establishment of the placenta during early pregnancy and that this function is dependent on MMP activity. This effect of leptin may represent one mechanism by which body condition affects placental development. implantation, invasion, leptin, matrix metalloproteinase, MMP, pregnancy, placenta, trophoblast
Review Article The Multiple Roles of EG-VEGF/PROK1 in Normal and Pathological Placental Angiogenesis
"... Copyright © 2014 Nadia Alfaidy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Placentation is associated with several steps o ..."
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Copyright © 2014 Nadia Alfaidy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Placentation is associated with several steps of vascular adaptations throughout pregnancy. These vascular changes occur both on thematernal and fetal sides, consisting ofmaternal uterine spiral arteries remodeling and placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively. Placental angiogenesis is a pivotal process for efficient fetomaternal exchanges and placental development. This process is finely controlled throughout pregnancy, and it involves ubiquitous and pregnancy-specific angiogenic factors. In the last decade, endocrine gland derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF), also called prokineticin 1 (PROK1), has
