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Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanomaterials Used in the Construction Industry
"... Abstract. Nanomaterials and nanocomposites with unique physical and chemical properties are increasingly being used by the construction industry to enable novel applications. Yet, we are confronted with the timely concern about their potential (unintended) impacts to the environment and human health ..."
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Abstract. Nanomaterials and nanocomposites with unique physical and chemical properties are increasingly being used by the construction industry to enable novel applications. Yet, we are confronted with the timely concern about their potential (unintended) impacts to the environment and human health. Here, we consider likely environmental release and exposure scenarios for nanomaterials that are of-ten incorporated into building materials and/or used in various applications by the construction industry, such as carbon nanotubes, TiO2, and quantum dots. To pro-vide a risk perspective, adverse biological and toxicological effects associated with these nanomaterials are also reviewed along with their mode of action. Aligned with ongoing multidisciplinary action on risk assessment of nanomateri-als in the environment, this article concludes by discerning critical knowledge gaps and research needs to inform the responsible manufacturing, use and disposal of nanoparticles in construction materials. 1
Toxicogenomics to Improve Comprehension of the Mechanisms Underlying Responses of In Vitro and In Vivo Systems to Nanomaterials: A Review
"... Abstract: Engineered nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less. Such materials typically possess nanostructure-dependent properties (e.g., chemical, mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, biological), which make them desiderable for com ..."
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Abstract: Engineered nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less. Such materials typically possess nanostructure-dependent properties (e.g., chemical, mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, biological), which make them desiderable for commercial or medical application. However, these same properties may potentially lead to nanostructure-dependent biological activity that differs from and is not directly predicted by the bulk properties of the constitutive chemicals and compounds. Nanoparticles and nanomaterials can be on the same scale of living cells components, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and cellular organelles. When considering nanoparticles it must be asked how man-made nanostructures can interact with or influence biological systems. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an example of carbon-based nanomaterial, which has won a huge spreading in nanotechnology. The incorporation of CNTs in living systems has raised many concerns because of their hydrophobicity and tendency to aggregate and accumulate into cells, organs, and tissues with dangerous effects. Applications of toxicogenomics to both investigative and predictive toxicology will contribute to the in-depth investigation of molecular mechanisms or the mode of nanomaterials action that is achieved by using conventional toxicological approaches. Parallel toxicogenomic technologies will promote a valuable platform for the development of biomarkers, in order to predict possible nanomaterial’s toxicity. The potential of characteristic gene expression profiles (“fingerprint”) of exposure or toxicological response to nanoparticles will be discussed in the review to enhance comprehension of the molecular mechanism of in vivo and in vitro system exposed to nanomaterials.
Cytotoxicity Investigation on Cultured Human Blood Cells Treated with Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
"... Abstract: The single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one of the new materials of emerging technologies. They are becoming increasingly studied for the possible applications in electronics, optics and biology. In particular, very promising fields of application are the development of optical biose ..."
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Abstract: The single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one of the new materials of emerging technologies. They are becoming increasingly studied for the possible applications in electronics, optics and biology. In particular, very promising fields of application are the development of optical biosensors and the intracellular drug delivery. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of information on their toxicological properties and on potential human health risk. In the present study the SWCNTs were investigated for the possible induction of toxicity in human blood cells. Cell growth, viability, apoptosis and metabolic activity were evaluated in proliferating human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In un-stimulated human leukocytes primary DNA damage was also evaluated. SWCNTs concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 µg/ml were tested, and treatment duration varied from 6 to 72 h, in accordance with the biological target investigated. A statistically significant decrease in cell growth was found in cells treated with the highest concentrations (25 and 50 µg/ml). Such decrease was not associated to cell death or apoptosis, but it was demonstrated to be related to a decrease in metabolic activity, as assessed by resazurin assay. Moreover, treatments of 6 h with SWCNTs concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 µg/ml
Invited Review Article Available online
, 2012
"... shed. Here, the so-called oxidative stress paradigm is scrutinized. Does oxidative y event resulting inevitably from disruption of biochemical processes and the le para ..."
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shed. Here, the so-called oxidative stress paradigm is scrutinized. Does oxidative y event resulting inevitably from disruption of biochemical processes and the le para
Treated with Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article Effect of Fiber Length on Carbon Nanotube-Induced Fibrogenesis
, 2014
"... Abstract: Given their extremely small size and light weight, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be readily inhaled by human lungs resulting in increased rates of pulmonary disorders, particularly fibrosis. Although the fibrogenic potential of CNTs is well established, there is a lack of consensus regarding ..."
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Abstract: Given their extremely small size and light weight, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be readily inhaled by human lungs resulting in increased rates of pulmonary disorders, particularly fibrosis. Although the fibrogenic potential of CNTs is well established, there is a lack of consensus regarding the contribution of physicochemical attributes of CNTs on the underlying fibrotic outcome. We designed an experimentally validated in vitro fibroblast culture model aimed at investigating the effect of fiber length on single-walled CNT (SWCNT)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The fibrogenic response to short and long
(www.epa.gov/ncct/sciforum).
"... ¶This mini-review is based on presentations and discussions at the International Science Forum on Computational Toxicology that was sponsored by the Office of Research and Development of the US Environmental Protection Agency and held in Research Triangle Park, NC on May 21-23, 2007. The complete ag ..."
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¶This mini-review is based on presentations and discussions at the International Science Forum on Computational Toxicology that was sponsored by the Office of Research and Development of the US Environmental Protection Agency and held in Research Triangle Park, NC on May 21-23, 2007. The complete agenda and copies of the individual presentations from the Forum are available on the Internet
REVIEW
, 2007
"... Advances in computer sciences and hardware combined with equally significant developments in molecular biology and chemistry are providing toxicology with a powerful new tool box. This tool box of computational models promises to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness by which the hazards and ..."
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Advances in computer sciences and hardware combined with equally significant developments in molecular biology and chemistry are providing toxicology with a powerful new tool box. This tool box of computational models promises to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness by which the hazards and risks of environmental chemicals are determined. Computational toxi-cology focuses on applying these tools across many scales, in-cluding vastly increasing the numbers of chemicals and the types of biological interactions that can be evaluated. In addition, knowledge of toxicity pathways gathered within the tool box will be directly applicable to the study of the biological responses across a range of dose levels, including those more likely to be representative of exposures to the human population. Progress in this field will facilitate the transformative shift called for in the recent report on toxicology in the 21st century by the National
