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...is a knowledge base derived from Wikipedia. A few strategies for seed selection for distant supervision have already been investigated: at-least-one models [10,21,18,26,13], hierarchical topic models =-=[1,19]-=-, pattern correlations [22], and an information retrieval approach [25]. At-least-one models [10,21,18,26,13] are based on the idea that “if two entities participate in a relation, at least one senten...

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...ces: The discriminative at-least-one approach (Riedel et al., 2010), that requires that at least one of the matches for a relation-entity tuple indeed expresses the relation; The generative approach (=-=Alfonseca et al., 2012-=-) that separates relation-specific distributions from noise distributions by using hierarchical topic models; And the pattern correlation approach (Takamatsu et al., 2012) that assumes that contexts w...

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...three invidual aspects. Seed Selection: A few strategies for seed selection for distant supervision have already been investigated: at-least-one models [13][29][23][33][17], hierarchical topic models =-=[1]-=-[25], pattern correlations [30], and an information retrieval approach [32]. At-least-one models assume that “if two entities particpate in a relation, at least one sentence that mentions these two en...

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...is therefore impossible to statically capture all ways of expressing a relation. Most relation extraction systems (Bunescu and Mooney, 2005; Snow et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2006; Mintz et al., 2009; =-=Alfonseca et al., 2012-=-; Min et al., 2012) generalize semantic relations by taking into account statistics about the syntactic construction of sentences. Usually supervised parsers are applied for parsing sentences. Statist...

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...ages. In the first phase they generate candidate attributes and in second phase they do candidate filtering. Even in this case the attribute-values were not mapped to any event schema. Enrique et al. =-=[2]-=- proposed a hierarchical topic model for automatically identifying syntactical and lexical patterns to detect relations from Web text. They leverage distant supervision using relations from knowledge ...

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...ion. In rule-based relation extraction methods, the patterns are directly applied to extract relation mentions from parsed sentences of free texts (e.g., (Yangarber et al., 2000; Krause et al., 2012; =-=Alfonseca et al., 2012-=-)). Other methods treat relation extraction as a classification or sequence-labeling problem, but even for those techniques parse-tree patterns have proven useful as key features for the classifiers (...

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...ssing the disadvantages of heuristic labelling, namely reducing false positive training data (Hoffmann et al., 2011; Surdeanu et al., 2012; Riedel et al., 2010; Riedel et al., 2013; Yao et al., 2010; =-=Alfonseca et al., 2012-=-; Roth and Klakow, 2013; Takamatsu et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2013) and dealing with false negatives due to missing entries in the knowledge base (Min et al., 2013), as well as combining distant supervi...

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...t with DBpedia relations to learn patterns. A few strategies for seed selection for distant supervision have already been investigated: at-least-one models [17,31,25,40,20], hierarchical topic models =-=[1,29]-=-, pattern correlations [32], and an information retrieval approach [39]. At-least-one models [17,31,25,40,20] are based on the idea that “if two entities participate in a relation, at least one senten...