The ever growing number of wireless communications systems deployed around the globe have made the optimal assignment of a limited radio frequency spectrum a problem of primary importance. At issue are planning models for permanent spectrum allocation, licensing, regulation, and network design. Further at issue are on-line algorithms for dynamically assigning frequencies to users within an established network. Applications include aeronautical mobile, land mobile, maritime mobile, broadcast, land fixed (pointto -point), and satellite systems. This paper surveys research conducted by theoreticians, engineers, and computer scientists regarding the frequency assignment problem (FAP) in all of its guises. The paper begins by defining some of the more common types of FAPs. It continues with a discussion on measures of optimality relating to the use of spectrum, models of interference, and mathematical representations of the many FAPs, both in graph theoretic terms, and as mathematical pro...

We study the characteristic function and moments of the integervalued random variable ⌊X + α⌋, where X is a continuous random variables. The results can be regarded as exact versions of Sheppard’s correction. Rounded variables of this type often occur as subsequence limits of sequences of integer-valued random variables. This leads to oscillatory terms in asymptotics for these variables, something that has often been observed, for example in the analysis of several algorithms. We give some examples, including applications to tries, digital search trees and Patricia tries. 1. Introduction. Let