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...over 100 different rare genetic syndromes are frequently accompanied by ASD, with no clear specific unifying mechanism uniting this remarkable heterogeneity (Trikalinos et al. 2006; Ring et al. 2008; =-=Pelphrey et al. 2011-=-; Mandell 2011; Hall et al. 2012; Bill and Geschwind 2009). Similarly a large number of potential environmental contributors are under investigation 6ranging from toxicants and Vitamin D deficiency o...

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...activation of the rightsposterior STS. Subjects with autism did not present thissincongruent > congruent effect, showing no difference insbrain activation in the congruent or incongruent situa-stions =-=[13]-=-. A recent meta-analysis on fMRI studies in au-stism highlighted that, when taking into account studiessinvestigating activation during basic or complex socialstasks, the brain region that is shown to...

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...e-processingsnetworks involving the fusiform, including reduced long-range and local functional connectivity (i.e.,swithin the fusiform face area) [50], rather than only a region specific abnormality =-=[39,54,55]-=-.sThe fusiform is also functionally related to both the amygdala and the hippocampus, twosstructures critical for memory and emotional processing. Studies looking at face processing, rather thansmemor...

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...nition represents a core ASD deficit, examining brain circuits in individuals with ASD commonly involved in social processes can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying this deficient domain (=-=Pelphrey et al., 2011-=-; Gotts et al., 2012). Circuits based on the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) are a prime candidate as evidence exists that pSTS is structurally (Levitt et al., 2003; Boddaert et al., 2004; M...

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...e-processing networks involving the fusiform, including reduced long-range and local functional connectivity (i.e., within the fusiform face area) [50], rather than only a region specific abnormality =-=[39,54,55]-=-. The fusiform is also functionally related to both the amygdala and the hippocampus, two structures critical for memory and emotional processing. Studies looking at face processing, rather than memor...

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...he evidence for such a deficit reviewed in the introduction? Perhaps deficits in the perception of biological motion are more related to the social nature of the stimuli than to their dynamic nature (=-=Pelphrey et al. 2011-=-), a possibility that could be tested with perceptual discrimination tasks on static body stimuli. More generally, our data suggest that it may be worthwhile to revisit some of the prior evidence that...

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... 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 For Peer Reviews21 interactions. Reduced experience with social interactions could have a cascading effectson behavioral development and brain organization (=-=Pelphrey et al., 2011-=-). Thus, ascritical question for future research is whether this pattern of a reduced differentiationsbetween social and nonsocial contexts in the dMPFC is present in infants who latersdevelop autism....