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Angiotensin II in dorsomedial hypothalamus modulates cardiovascular arousal caused by stress but not feeding in rabbits,” The
- American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology
, 2006
"... dial hypothalamus (DMH) is critically implicated in the cardiovascu-lar response to emotional stress. This study aimed to determine whether the DMH is also important in cardiovascular arousal associ-ated with appetitive feeding behavior and, if so, whether locally released angiotensin II and glutama ..."
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dial hypothalamus (DMH) is critically implicated in the cardiovascu-lar response to emotional stress. This study aimed to determine whether the DMH is also important in cardiovascular arousal associ-ated with appetitive feeding behavior and, if so, whether locally released angiotensin II and glutamate are important in this arousal. Emotional (air-jet) stress and feeding elicited similar tachycardic (51 and 45 beats/min, respectively) and pressor (16 and 9 mmHg, respectively) responses in conscious rabbits. Bilateral micro-injection of GABAA agonist muscimol (500 pmol) into the DMH, but not nearby hypothalamic regions, attenuated pressor and tachycardic responses to air-jet by 56–63 % and evoked anorexia. Conversely, stimulation of the DMH with the glutamate analog kainic acid (250 pmol) elicited hypertension (25 mmHg) and tachycardia (114 beats/min) and activated feeding behavior. Local microinjection of a glutamate receptor antagonist, kynurenic acid (10 nmol), decreased
the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla During Emotional Stress
, 2004
"... Permissions: Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Hypertension can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permissio ..."
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Permissions: Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Hypertension can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about this process is available in the Permissions and Rights Question and Answer document. Reprints: Information about reprints can be found online at:
Emotional Stress in Rabbits
, 2003
"... Permissions: Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Hypertension can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permissio ..."
Abstract
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Permissions: Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published in Hypertension can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the Editorial Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about this process is available in the Permissions and Rights Question and Answer document. Reprints: Information about reprints can be found online at:
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"... The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is critically implicated in the cardiovascular response to emotional stress. This study aimed to determine whether the DMH is also important in cardiovascular arousal associated with appetitive feeding behavior and, if so, whether locally released angiotensin II an ..."
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The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is critically implicated in the cardiovascular response to emotional stress. This study aimed to determine whether the DMH is also important in cardiovascular arousal associated with appetitive feeding behavior and, if so, whether locally released angiotensin II and glutamate are important in this arousal. Emotional (air-jet) stress and feeding elicited similar tachycardic (+51 beats/min and +45 beats/min, respectively) and pressor (+16 mmHg and +9 mmHg) responses in conscious rabbits. Bilateral microinjection of GABAA agonist muscimol (500 pmol) into the DMH, but not nearby hypothalamic regions, attenuated pressor and tachycardic responses to air-jet by 56-63 % and evoked anorexia. Conversely, stimulation of the DMH with glutamate analog kainic acid (250 pmol) elicited hypertension (+25 mmHg), tachycardia (+114 beats/min) and activated feeding behavior. Local microinjection of a glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (10 nmol) decreased pressor responses to stress and eating by 46 % and 72%, respectively, without affecting feeding behavior. Bilateral microinjection of a selective AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan (500 pmol) into the DMH, but not nearby sites, attenuated pressor and tachycardic stress responses by 31 % and 33%, respectively. Candesartan did not alter feeding behavior or circulatory
‘‘Green Odor’ ’ Inhalation Reduces the Skin-Barrier Disruption Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress in Rats: Physiological and Histological Examinations
"... We investigated whether inhalation of green odor (a mixture of equal amounts of trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenol) prevents the skin-barrier disruption induced by chronic restraint stress in rats. To this end, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured as an index of the disruption of skin-barrie ..."
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We investigated whether inhalation of green odor (a mixture of equal amounts of trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenol) prevents the skin-barrier disruption induced by chronic restraint stress in rats. To this end, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured as an index of the disruption of skin-barrier function, whereas light- and electron-microscope examinations were performed to observe histological changes in the skin of the stressed animals. In addition, the effects on TEWL induced by chronic administration of a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), were examined. Chronic restraint stress (8 h per day for 14 days) increased TEWL (vehicle + stress group). This effect (and the chronic stress–induced increase in adrenal weight) was prevented in rats that inhaled green odor at the beginning of each day’s restraint (2 h each day for 14 days; green odor + stress group). Electronmicroscope studies revealed that rats in the green odor + stress group possessed sufficient intercorneocyte lipids to create an effective skin barrier, although these had apparently been decreased in the vehicle + stress group. Daily administration of DEX for 14 days increased TEWL. The present results suggest that chronic stress–induced disruption of the skin barrier in rats can be reduced or prevented by green odor (possibly at least in part through an inhibitory effect on the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis). Key words: adrenal gland, dexamethasone, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, stratum corneum, transepidermal
Losartan may prevent the elevation of plasma glucose levels induced by
"... The effect of angiotensin II antagonist, losartan, on chronic stressinduced elevation of blood glucose levels was investigated in rats. Chronic immobilization stress caused an increase in blood glucose levels in rats. Administration of losartan (3 mg/kg, po) before stress exposure significantly prev ..."
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The effect of angiotensin II antagonist, losartan, on chronic stressinduced elevation of blood glucose levels was investigated in rats. Chronic immobilization stress caused an increase in blood glucose levels in rats. Administration of losartan (3 mg/kg, po) before stress exposure significantly prevented this increment. We suggest that losartan showed this effect by decreasing the excessive sympathetic response to stress. In conclusion, there is a relationship between stress, sympathetic nervous system, and reninangiotensin system.
