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Article Leucine Supplementation Accelerates Connective Tissue Repair of Injured Tibialis Anterior Muscle
, 2014
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"... MAMMALIAN skeletal muscles have a remarkable capacity to regenerate in response to injury. Such regeneration includes installation of an inflammatory process, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells, remodeling of connective tissue, angiogenesis, and func-tional recovery of injured musc ..."
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MAMMALIAN skeletal muscles have a remarkable capacity to regenerate in response to injury. Such regeneration includes installation of an inflammatory process, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells, remodeling of connective tissue, angiogenesis, and func-tional recovery of injured muscles (1,2). During regeneration of aged muscle, there is a delay in satellite cell activation and less proliferation, resulting in fewer satellite cell progenies and a decline in function of both satellite cells and their progenies (3–5). Myogenic cells in old muscle do exit the cell cycle and form nascent myofibers (6); however, this occurs later than in young mus-cle, and the nascent myofibers formed are generally fewer in number and of smaller caliber during the early regenera-tive response (6). Therefore, restoration of normal muscle architecture and force is impaired; additionally, the myofi-
Incubating Isolated Mouse EDL Muscles with Creatine Improves Force Production and Twitch Kinetics in Fatigue Due to Reduction in Ionic Strength
"... Background: Creatine supplementation can improve performance during high intensity exercise in humans and improve muscle strength in certain myopathies. In this present study, we investigated the direct effects of acute creatine incubation on isolated mouse fast-twitch EDL muscles, and examined how ..."
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Background: Creatine supplementation can improve performance during high intensity exercise in humans and improve muscle strength in certain myopathies. In this present study, we investigated the direct effects of acute creatine incubation on isolated mouse fast-twitch EDL muscles, and examined how these effects change with fatigue. Methods and Results: The extensor digitorum longus muscle from mice aged 12–14 weeks was isolated and stimulated with field electrodes to measure force characteristics in 3 different states: (i) before fatigue; (ii) immediately after a fatigue protocol; and (iii) after recovery. These served as the control measurements for the muscle. The muscle was then incubated in a creatine solution and washed. The measurement of force characteristics in the 3 different states was then repeated. In un-fatigued muscle, creatine incubation increased the maximal tetanic force. In fatigued muscle, creatine treatment increased the force produced at all frequencies of stimulation. Incubation also increased the rate of twitch relaxation and twitch contraction in fatigued muscle. During repetitive fatiguing stimulation, creatine-treated muscles took 55.169.5% longer than control muscles to lose half of their original force. Measurement of weight changes showed that creatine incubation increased EDL muscle mass by 7%. Conclusion: Acute creatine application improves force production in isolated fast-twitch EDL muscle, and these improvements are particularly apparent when the muscle is fatigued. One likely mechanism for this improvement is an
RESEARCH The neural mobilization te s i
"... KOR expression only after NM treatment compared to naive animals. There were no significant changes in MOR expression in the PAG. Santos et al. Behavioral and Brain Functions 2014, 10:19 http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com/content/10/1/19neuropathic pain is difficult to treat in clinical prac ..."
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KOR expression only after NM treatment compared to naive animals. There were no significant changes in MOR expression in the PAG. Santos et al. Behavioral and Brain Functions 2014, 10:19 http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com/content/10/1/19neuropathic pain is difficult to treat in clinical practicePrestes, 2415, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilFull list of author information is available at the end of the articleConclusion: These data provide evidence that a non-pharmacological NM technique facilitates pain relief by endogenous analgesic modulation.
