We present new baby steps/giant steps algorithms of asymptotically fast running time for dense matrix problems. Our algorithms compute the determinant, characteristic polynomial, Frobenius normal form and Smith normal form of a dense n n matrix A with integer entries in (n and (n bit operations; here denotes the largest entry in absolute value and the exponent adjustment by "+o(1)" captures additional factors for positive real constants C 1 , C 2 , C 3 . The bit complexity (n results from using the classical cubic matrix multiplication algorithm. Our algorithms are randomized, and we can certify that the output is the determinant of A in a Las Vegas fashion. The second category of problems deals with the setting where the matrix A has elements from an abstract commutative ring, that is, when no divisions in the domain of entries are possible. We present algorithms that deterministically compute the determinant, characteristic polynomial and adjoint of A with n and O(n ) ring additions, subtractions and multiplications.

We reduce the problem of computing the rank and a nullspace basis of a univariate polynomial matrix to polynomial matrix multiplication. For an input n×n matrix of degree d over a field K we give a rank and nullspace algorithm using about the same number of operations as for multiplying two matrices of dimension n and degree d. If the latter multiplication is done in MM(n, d) = O˜(n ω d) operations, with ω the exponent of matrix multiplication over K, then the algorithm uses O˜(MM(n, d)) operations in K. For m×n matrices of rank r and degree d, the cost expression is O˜(nmr ω−2 d). The soft-O notation O ˜ indicates some missing logarithmic factors. The method is randomized with Las Vegas certification. We achieve our results in part through a combination of matrix Hensel high-order lifting and matrix minimal fraction reconstruction, and through the computation of minimal or small degree vectors in the nullspace seen as a K[x]-module.

We present the asymptotically fastest known algorithms for some basic problems on univariate polynomial matrices: rank, nullspace, determinant, generic inverse, reduced form [8, 9, 16, 17]. We show that they essentially can be reduced to two computer algebra techniques, minimal basis computations and matrix fraction expansion/reconstruction, and to polynomial matrix multiplication. Such reductions eventually imply that all these problems can be solved in about the same amount of time as polynomial matrix multiplication. The algorithms are deterministic, or randomized with certified output in a Las Vegas fashion. 1

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