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The exact computational complexity of evolutionarily stable strategies (2013)

by V Conitzer
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Settling Some Open Problems on 2-Player Symmetric Nash Equilibria

by Ruta Mehta, Vijay V. Vazirani, Sadra Yazdanbod
"... Over the years, researchers have studied the complexity of several decision versions of Nash equilibrium in (symmetric) two-player games (bimatrix games). To the best of our knowledge, the last remaining open problem of this sort is the following; it was stated by Papadimitriou in 2007: find a non-s ..."
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Over the years, researchers have studied the complexity of several decision versions of Nash equilibrium in (symmetric) two-player games (bimatrix games). To the best of our knowledge, the last remaining open problem of this sort is the following; it was stated by Papadimitriou in 2007: find a non-symmetric Nash equilibrium (NE) in a symmetric game. We show that this problem is NP-complete and the problem of counting the number of non-symmetric NE in a symmetric game is #P-complete. In 2005, Kannan and Theobald defined the rank of a bimatrix game represented by matrices (A,B) to be rank(A+B) and asked whether a NE can be computed in rank 1 games in polynomial time. Observe that the rank 0 case is precisely the zero sum case, for which a polynomial time algorithm follows from von Neumann’s reduction of such games to linear programming. In 2011, Adsul et. al. obtained an algorithm for rank 1 games; however, it does not solve the case of symmetric rank 1 games. We resolve this problem. 1
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...n a symmetric game of rank 1One exception is the problem of checking if an evolutionarily stable strategy exist in symmetric 2-player game. This problem was recently shown to be ∑2 p-hard by Conitzer =-=[4]-=-; containment in ∑2 p was shown by Etessami and Lochbihler [7]. 2von Stengel [16] went further to give a symmetric bimatrix rank 1 game that has exponentially many disconnected symmetric Nash equilibr...

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