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... and users to new ways of looking at the world and the role that designed objects can play for them in it. This approach is also related to a variety of artbased practices, such as those discussed in =-=[25]-=-. The Dawn Chorus, a speculative design by Bill Gaver and Heather Martin inspired by the critical design approach [22], illustrates the principles of critical design within the HCI context. The Dawn C...

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... conducting a study and not the study participants. Some experience sampling projects have been developed that allow reflection on collected information: Track Your Happiness (http://trackyourhappiness.org) and Hsieh and colleagues’ system [11]. Personal Information Management (PIM) focuses on how people manage their information so they can perform their tasks more efficiently [13]. PIM also explores how people can retrieve their information, but the focus is less on selfreflection and more on staying organized. On the reflection side, Casual Information Visualization [19] and Slow Technology [9] help people reflect on everyday patterns. Casual Information Visualization aims to expand the definition of information visualization beyond work-related and analytical tasks to include non-experts. Slow Technology is a design agenda aimed at encouraging the development of systems that foster users to slow down to reflect, rather than speeding up performance. These areas of research focus primarily on reflection and less on collection of personal information. While these systems discuss personal reflection, it is not their primary focus. The areas mentioned above have examined collection and ...

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...vely as “ambient displays”) receive varying and unpredictable levels of attention. They need to be aesthetically designed because they are situated among other personal objects in the home and office =-=[5, 7]-=-. Additionally, they must balance issues of privacy while presenting information. While many novel ambient display designs have been proposed for everyday environments [9, 16], little is known about h...

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...the near future, an increasing variety of daily objects can present some information to a user. For example, AwareMirror [9] offers useful information on a mirror in an ambient way. Slow technologies =-=[10]-=- and the informative art project [12] explore information visualization techniques that use art as inspiration for both their appearance and their role in our surroundings. Information presented in th...

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... assessing the appeal of their displays. Learnability Learnability is the amount of time and effort required for users to learn to get information from the display at the operation level. This metric is often affected by the chosen mappings from inputted to displayed information; since peripheral displays do not always display input literally but instead show it in an abstract form. The learnability of a display may influence its adoption. Users may be less likely to use displays that are difficult to learn, unless interpreting the display is meant to present a challenge and users expect this [5]. Again, the ambient display heuristics point to learnability as an important metric (“consistent and intuitive mapping”). This heuristic assumes that the display should be easy to learn and interpret. We agree that learnability is important, but we argue that the designer should determine how learnable a display should be based on the activities in which the display is used and on feedback from users. Every person will require a different amount of practice to use a new display peripherally (i.e. at the operation level). In Activity Theory, new tools are often traced from the activity level (...

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...g pads are activated at the same coordinates. Each sleeper thus synchronously feels the ghostly warmth of the absent partner. SLOW-TECH The beds are an example of what has been called slow technology =-=[4]-=-. They respond over hours, not milliseconds. Their effects mimic the pace of unenhanced life: the slow warming of a newly occupied bed; the cooling of an empty one. Designed to frustrate conventional ...