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Detection of Courtesy Amount Block on Bank Checks
- Journal of Electronic Imaging
, 1995
"... This paper presents a multi-staged technique for locating the courtesy amount block on bank checks. In the case of a check processing system, many of the proposed methods are not acceptable, due to the the presence of many fonts and text sizes, as well as the short length of many text strings. This ..."
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This paper presents a multi-staged technique for locating the courtesy amount block on bank checks. In the case of a check processing system, many of the proposed methods are not acceptable, due to the the presence of many fonts and text sizes, as well as the short length of many text strings. This paper will describe particular methods chosen to implement a Courtesy Amount Block Locator (CABL). First, the connected components in the image are identified. Next, strings are constructed on the basis of proximity and horizontal alignment of characters. Finally a set of rules and heuristics are applied to these strings to choose the correct one. The chosen string is only reported if it passes a verification test, which includes an attempt to recognize the currency sign. Keywords: check analysis and processing, block detection, courtesy amount recognition, image processing, heuristics rules, segmentation 1 Introduction Trillions of dollars change hands each year in the form of handwritten ...
Lectins: An Overview
- In Animal Lectins: Forms, Functions and Clinical Applications
, 2012
"... Parameterizing fields in accelerator magnets Symmetries, comments about magnet construction Sections 4.2-3: Relating currents and fields Equipotentials and contours, dipoles and quadrupoles Thin magnet kicks and that ubiquitous rigidity Complications: hysteresis, end fields Section 4.4 ..."
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Parameterizing fields in accelerator magnets Symmetries, comments about magnet construction Sections 4.2-3: Relating currents and fields Equipotentials and contours, dipoles and quadrupoles Thin magnet kicks and that ubiquitous rigidity Complications: hysteresis, end fields Section 4.4: More details about dipoles
A System for Offline Automated Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals by
, 2001
"... This paper presents a system that performs offline automated reading of handwritten characters, particularly strings of handwritten numerals. This paper brings together all the research carried out at MIT Sloan Institute, Profit Initiative on handwritten numerals over the past decade on various modu ..."
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This paper presents a system that performs offline automated reading of handwritten characters, particularly strings of handwritten numerals. This paper brings together all the research carried out at MIT Sloan Institute, Profit Initiative on handwritten numerals over the past decade on various modules. It puts these modules together in a huge, comprehensive and robust system. Along the way the paper made several improvements in the way these modules communicated with each other as well as discussed and compared the other strategies currently being employed in latest research in the field.
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"... Feedback-based architecture for reading courtesy amounts on checks Abstract. The processing of bank checks is one application that continues to rely heavily on the movement of paper. Checks are currently read by human eyes and physically transported to the bank of the payer, involving significant ti ..."
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Feedback-based architecture for reading courtesy amounts on checks Abstract. The processing of bank checks is one application that continues to rely heavily on the movement of paper. Checks are currently read by human eyes and physically transported to the bank of the payer, involving significant time and cost. Since paper checks constitute a popular mechanism for noncash payments, and the volume of checks continues to be high, there is a significant interest in the banking industry for new approaches that can read paper checks automatically. We propose a new approach to read the numerical amount field on the check; this field is also called the courtesy amount field. In the case of check processing, the segmentation of unconstrained strings into individual digits is a challenging task because one must accommodate special cases involving connected or overlapping digits, broken digits, and digits physically connected to a piece of stroke that belongs to a neighboring digit. The described system involves three stages: the segmentation of the string into a series of individual characters, the normalization of each isolated character, and the recognition of each character based on a neural network classifier. © 2003 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.1526105] 1
Character Segmentation Heuristics of Check Amount Verification
, 1998
"... Automatic check amount verification involves three basic steps: 1) finding the courtesy amount (the numerical amount) on the check, 2) segmenting that amount into its individual characters, and 3)Using a recognition engine to recognize the individual characters and, thus, recognizing the check' ..."
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Automatic check amount verification involves three basic steps: 1) finding the courtesy amount (the numerical amount) on the check, 2) segmenting that amount into its individual characters, and 3)Using a recognition engine to recognize the individual characters and, thus, recognizing the check's amount. This thesis will focus on improving the segmentation process. In particular, it will focus on the classical approach of segmentation based on charcter features alone (i.e. not aided by recognition). A segmentation workbench is developed for the purpose of studying current and potential techniques for numerical digit segmentation. The problem of segmenting overlapping or touching characters is studied in detail. Also, a hybrid heuristic involving a combination and variations of the "drop-falling" algorithm is developed which has promising results. This algorithm is then incorporated into a complete optical character recognition system. Thesis Supervisor: Amar Gupta Title: Co-Director, Productivity from Information Technology (PROFIT) Initiative, Sloan School of Management 3 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. Amar Gupta for the time that he put in helping me flesh out the research done in this thesis. I would like to thank my mother, Gulnar Khan, and my sister, Farah Khan, for all the help and support they have given me throughout my life. 4 Table of Contents Chapter 1:
An Improved Segmentation Module for Identification of Handwritten Numerals
, 1999
"... The Winbank program is a segmentation-based recognition system for reading handwritten numeral on bank checks. An improved segmentation algorithm, Extended Drop Fall, has been incorporated into the system for proper segmentation of problematic cases. An improved method of choosing between the differ ..."
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The Winbank program is a segmentation-based recognition system for reading handwritten numeral on bank checks. An improved segmentation algorithm, Extended Drop Fall, has been incorporated into the system for proper segmentation of problematic cases. An improved method of choosing between the different segmentation algorithms has been introduced in order to utilize the Extended Drop Fall algorithm. The improved system relies less on heuristic analysis and can properly segment cases that do no match heuristic assumptions without compromising performance on more common cases. The changes significantly improve the performance of the segmentation module and as a result overall performance for the system is improved. Other modifications have also been incorporated into both the segmentation and recognition modules to increase performance and produce a more robust system Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Amar Gupta Title: Co-Director, Productivity From Information Technology (PROFIT) Initiative Sloan School of Management 3 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my parents, Chaluvelil M. Punnoose and Marykutty Punnoose, my sister, Judy Punnoose, and the rest of my family for constant support and encouragement.
Adding Feedback to Improve Segmentation and Recognition of Handwritten Numerals
, 1999
"... WinBank is a system which performs automated reading of handwritten documents, particularly of strings of handwritten numerals on bank checks. A commonly-used strategy for reading handwritten strings is a combination of segmentation and recognition. In the WinBank program, segmentation involves both ..."
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WinBank is a system which performs automated reading of handwritten documents, particularly of strings of handwritten numerals on bank checks. A commonly-used strategy for reading handwritten strings is a combination of segmentation and recognition. In the WinBank program, segmentation involves both the separation of touching characters and the merging of character fragments to other pieces. An inherent problem with the segmentation/recognition strategy is the fact that if segmentation is done incorrectly, the erroneous characters cannot be recognized. This paper discusses a new method for feeding rejected characters back into the segmentation process to perform error recovery. Such feedback reduces the frequency with which segmentation errors occur, and increases the probability that each character will be recognized. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Amar Gupta Title: Co-Director, Productivity From Information Technology (PROFIT) Initiative Sloan School of Management TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
Reading Courtesy Amounts on Handwritten
, 2002
"... provided that full credit including © notice is given to the source. This paper also can be downloaded without charge from the ..."
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provided that full credit including © notice is given to the source. This paper also can be downloaded without charge from the
Reading Courtesy Amounts on Handwritten Paper Checks
, 2002
"... In spite of the rapid advances in computers and communication technologies, a number of large–scale applications continue to rely heavily on the use of paper as the dominant medium, either in an intra–organizational or an inter–organizational environment. One major example of this category of paper ..."
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In spite of the rapid advances in computers and communication technologies, a number of large–scale applications continue to rely heavily on the use of paper as the dominant medium, either in an intra–organizational or an inter–organizational environment. One major example of this category of paper intensive applications is the check processing application. In a number of countries, the value of each check is read by human eyes before the check is physically transported, in stages, from the point it was presented to the location of the branch of the bank which issued the blank check to the concerned account holder. This process of manual reading of each check involves significant time and cost. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to read the numerical amount field on the check; this field is also called the courtesy amount field. In the case of check processing, the segmentation of unconstrained strings into individual digits is a challenging task because one needs to accommodate special cases involving: connected or overlapping digits, broken digits, and digits physically connected to a piece of stroke that belongs to a neighboring digit. The system described in this paper involves three stages: the segmentation of the string into a series of individual characters; the normalization of each isolated character; and the recognition of each character based on a neural network classifier. 1
