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The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A metaanalytic review
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
, 2010
"... Objective: Although mindfulness-based therapy has become a popular treatment, little is known about its efficacy. Therefore, our objective was to conduct an effect size analysis of this popular intervention for anxiety and mood symptoms in clinical samples. Method: We conducted a literature search u ..."
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Cited by 94 (1 self)
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Objective: Although mindfulness-based therapy has become a popular treatment, little is known about its efficacy. Therefore, our objective was to conduct an effect size analysis of this popular intervention for anxiety and mood symptoms in clinical samples. Method: We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and manual searches. Our meta-analysis was based on 39 studies totaling 1,140 participants receiving mindfulness-based therapy for a range of conditions, including cancer, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and other psychiatric or medical conditions. Results: Effect size estimates suggest that mindfulness-based therapy was moderately effective for improving anxiety (Hedges’s g! 0.63) and mood symptoms (Hedges’s g! 0.59) from pre- to posttreatment in the overall sample. In patients with anxiety and mood disorders, this intervention was associated with effect sizes (Hedges’s g) of 0.97 and 0.95 for improving anxiety and mood symptoms, respectively. These effect sizes were robust, were unrelated to publication year or number of treatment sessions, and were maintained over follow-up. Conclusions: These results suggest that mindfulness-based therapy is a promising intervention for treating anxiety and mood problems in clinical populations.
The pro-social classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes
- Review of Educational Research. [Internet] March 2009 [cited 2014 November 23], Vol.79, No.1
"... The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers ’ social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher–student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional ..."
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Cited by 70 (3 self)
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The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers ’ social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher–student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional learning program implementation. This model proposes that these factors contribute to creating a classroom climate that is more conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental outcomes among students. Furthermore, this article reviews current research suggesting a relationship between SEC and teacher burnout and reviews intervention efforts to support teachers ’ SEC through stress reduction and mindfulness programs. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda to address the potential efficacy of intervention strategies designed to promote teacher SEC and improved learn-ing outcomes for students.
Medium-Term Review
, 2005
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The neurobiology of Meditation and its clinical effectiveness in psychiatric disorders.
- Biol Psychol
, 2009
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6 Tailoring Positive Psychology Interventions to Treat Depressed Individuals
"... When Scott finally sought treatment, it was apparent that he had been struggling for some time. He was unshaven and wore large, crumpled clothes that overwhelmed his thin frame. At 27, Scott seemed to move with the labored, slouched shuffling of an elderly man. Slowly and dully, with frequent pauses ..."
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Cited by 8 (5 self)
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When Scott finally sought treatment, it was apparent that he had been struggling for some time. He was unshaven and wore large, crumpled clothes that overwhelmed his thin frame. At 27, Scott seemed to move with the labored, slouched shuffling of an elderly man. Slowly and dully, with frequent pauses, Scott explained that he had been feeling persistently sad and withdrawn for several years, starting in college. However, his mental health had steadily deteriorated ever since he began a new job several months earlier. Scott felt inadequate and worthless, particularly at work. His poor self-esteem was further compounded by his lack of meaningful friendships. Scott found no delight in activities he used to enjoy, such as biking, playing classical guitar, and reading philosophy books. When not dragging himself through the workday, Scott passed the time by sitting or lying motionless at home for hours on end. He doubted he would ever feel good again. What can positive psychology do for Scott? Traditionally, psychologists have equated mental health with the absence of
MINDFULNESS AT WORK
"... In this chapter, we argue that state and trait mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices in the workplace should enhance employee outcomes. First, we review the existing literature on mindfulness, provide a brief history and definition of the construct, and discuss its beneficial effects on physic ..."
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Cited by 8 (0 self)
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In this chapter, we argue that state and trait mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices in the workplace should enhance employee outcomes. First, we review the existing literature on mindfulness, provide a brief history and definition of the construct, and discuss its beneficial effects on physical and psychological health. Second, we delineate a model of the mental and neurobiological processes by which mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices improve self-regulation of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, linking them to both performance and employee well-being in the workplace. We especially focus on the power of mindfulness, via improved self-regulation, to enhance social relationships in the workplace, make employees more resilient in the face of challenges, and increase task performance. Third, we outline controversies, questions, and challenges that surround the study of mindfulness, paying special attention to the implications of unresolved issues for understanding the effects of mindfulness at work. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our propositions for organizations and employees and offer some recommendations for future research on mindfulness in the workplace.
Do mindfulness meditation participants do their homework? And does it make a difference? A review of the empirical evidence
- J. Cognit. Psychother. 2009
"... Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to alleviate symptoms of a wide range of physical and mental health conditions. Regular between-session practice of mindfulness medi-tation is among the key factors proposed to produce the therapeutic benefits of mindfulness-based programs. This articl ..."
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Cited by 8 (0 self)
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Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to alleviate symptoms of a wide range of physical and mental health conditions. Regular between-session practice of mindfulness medi-tation is among the key factors proposed to produce the therapeutic benefits of mindfulness-based programs. This article reviews the mindfulness intervention literature with a focus on the status of home practice research and the relationship of practice to mindfulness program outcomes. Of 98 studies reviewed, nearly one-quarter (N = 24) evaluated the associations between home practice and measures of clinical functioning, with just over half (N = 13) demonstrating at least partial support for the benefits of practice. These findings indicate a substantial disparity between what is espoused clinically and what is known empirically about the benefits of mindfulness practice. Improved methodologies for tracking and evaluating the effects of home practice are recommended.
Suggested Reviewers:
"... Manuscript information: 10 text pages, 4 figures, and 3 tables (approximately 3 manuscript pages) ..."
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Manuscript information: 10 text pages, 4 figures, and 3 tables (approximately 3 manuscript pages)
Looking up: Mindfulness increases positive judgments and reduces negativity bias
- Social Psychological and Personality Science
, 2011
"... The present research examined the relation between mindfulness and negativity bias, or the tendency to weigh negative information more heavily than positive. A randomized experiment compared a brief mindfulness induction to an unfocused attention control condition. Negativity bias was assessed with ..."
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The present research examined the relation between mindfulness and negativity bias, or the tendency to weigh negative information more heavily than positive. A randomized experiment compared a brief mindfulness induction to an unfocused attention control condition. Negativity bias was assessed with a subjective measure of optimism and pessimism and an objective measure of negativity bias in attitude formation, BeanFest, which required associating novel stimuli with positive or negative outcomes. Participants in the mindfulness condition demonstrated less negativity bias in attitude formation. That is, they correctly classified positive and negative stimuli more equally than those in the control condition. Interestingly, the difference in negativity bias stemmed from better categorization of positives. Furthermore, those in the mindfulness condition reported higher levels of optimism compared to the control condition. Together, these results suggest that mindfulness increases positive judgments and reduces negativity bias. Keywords
Psychological and neural mechanisms of trait mindfulness in reducing depression vulnerability
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
, 2013
"... Mindfulness-based interventions are effective for reducing depressive symptoms. However, the psychological and neural mechanisms are unclear. This study examined which facets of trait mindfulness offer protection against negative bias and rumination, which are key risk factors for depression. Ninete ..."
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Mindfulness-based interventions are effective for reducing depressive symptoms. However, the psychological and neural mechanisms are unclear. This study examined which facets of trait mindfulness offer protection against negative bias and rumination, which are key risk factors for depression. Nineteen male volunteers completed a 2-day functional magnetic resonance imaging study. One day utilized a stress-induction task and the other day utilized a mindful breathing task. An emotional inhibition task was used to measure neural and behavioral changes related to state negative bias, defined by poorer performance in inhibiting negative relative to neutral stimuli. Associations among trait mindfulness [measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)], trait rumination, and negative bias were examined. Non-reactivity scores on the FFMQ correlated negatively with rumination and negative bias following the stress induction. Non-reactivity was inversely correlated with insula activation during inhibition to negative stimuli after the mindful breathing task. Our results suggest non-reactivity to inner experience is the key facet of mindfulness that protects individuals from psychological risk for depression. Based on these results, mindfulness could reduce vulnerability to depression in at least two ways: (i) by buffering against trait rumination and negative bias and (ii) by reducing automatic emotional responding via the insula.
