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214
A Conceptual Model of Groupware
, 1994
"... This paper discusses a conceptual model of groupware consisting of three complementary components or models: a description of the objects and operations on these objects available in the system; a description of the activities (and their orderings) that the users of the system can perform; and a des ..."
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Cited by 85 (2 self)
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This paper discusses a conceptual model of groupware consisting of three complementary components or models: a description of the objects and operations on these objects available in the system; a description of the activities (and their orderings) that the users of the system can perform; and a description of the interface of users with the system, and with other users. KEYWORDS: Groupware, CSCW, collaboration technology, system modelling, ontological model, coordination model, user interface model. INTRODUCTION This paper is concerned with technology mediated workgroup systems, also sometimes called CSCW systems or groupware. We take the broad definition of these terms, as presented by Schmidt and Bannon [16]. We present a conceptual model which is applicable to a wide range of groupware---from electronic meeting rooms, through video conferencing, to workflow systems. The issues raised by the model are sometimes similar to, but frequently distinct from single user systems issues. T...
Understanding and Constructing Shared Spaces with Mixed Reality Boundaries Steve
, 1998
"... We propose an approach to creating shared mixed realities based on the construction of transparent boundaries between real and virtual spaces. First, we introduce a taxonomy that classifies current approaches to shared spaces according to the three dimensions of transportation, artificiality and spa ..."
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Cited by 76 (8 self)
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We propose an approach to creating shared mixed realities based on the construction of transparent boundaries between real and virtual spaces. First, we introduce a taxonomy that classifies current approaches to shared spaces according to the three dimensions of transportation, artificiality and spatiality. Second, we discuss our experience of staging a poetry performance simultaneously within real and virtual theatres. This demonstrates the complexities involved in establishing social interaction between real and virtual spaces and motivates the development of a systematic approach to mixing realities. Third, we introduce and demonstrate the technique of mixed reality boundaries as a way of joining real and virtual spaces together in order to address some of these problems.
Floor Control for Multimedia Conferencing and Collaboration
, 1997
"... . Floor control allows users of networked multimedia applications to utilize and share resources such as remote devices, distributed data sets, telepointers, or continuous media such as video and audio without access conflicts. Floors are temporary permissions granted dynamically to collaborating us ..."
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Cited by 76 (7 self)
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. Floor control allows users of networked multimedia applications to utilize and share resources such as remote devices, distributed data sets, telepointers, or continuous media such as video and audio without access conflicts. Floors are temporary permissions granted dynamically to collaborating users in order to mitigate race conditions and guarantee mutually exclusive resource usage. A general framework for floor control is presented. Collaborative environments are characterized and the requirements for realization of floor control will be identified. The differences to session control, as well as concurrency control and access control are elicited. Based upon a brief taxonomy of collaboration-relevant parameters, system design issues for floor control are discussed. Floor control mechanisms are discerned from service policies and principal architectures of collaborative systems are compared. The structure of control packets and an application programmer's interface are proposed and...
Coordinating Heterogeneous Work: Information and Representation in Medical Care
- In Prinz et al
, 2001
"... Medical care involves intense collaboration amongst a number of practitioners including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists Their work is concentrated on a single patient, and yet their activities, motivations, and concerns are very different We explore the use of a shared information system in help ..."
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Cited by 66 (9 self)
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Medical care involves intense collaboration amongst a number of practitioners including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists Their work is concentrated on a single patient, and yet their activities, motivations, and concerns are very different We explore the use of a shared information system in helping these individuals coordinate their work In particular, we use the idea of a common information space to explore how the shared information is incorporated into the diverse work practices of an intensive care unit In addition to physical co-location, we found that providing information in many specialised representations is critical to managing their coordination. Unlike paper records, computer systems offer the ability to decouple information from its representations. This decoupling opens up a rich design space for systems that allow people with different interests, concerns and work practices to work together effectively.
Integrating Communication, Cooperation, and Awareness: The DIVA Virtual Office Environment
, 1994
"... DIVA, a novel environment for group work, is presented. This prototype virtual office environment provides support for communication, cooperation, and awareness in both the synchronous and asynchronous modes, smoothly integrated into a simple and intuitive interface which may be viewed as a replacem ..."
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Cited by 64 (3 self)
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DIVA, a novel environment for group work, is presented. This prototype virtual office environment provides support for communication, cooperation, and awareness in both the synchronous and asynchronous modes, smoothly integrated into a simple and intuitive interface which may be viewed as a replacement for the standard graphical user interface desktop. In order to utilize the skills that people have acquired through years of shared work in the real offices, DIVA is modeled after the standard office, abstracting elements of physical offices required to support collaborative work: people, rooms, desks, and documents. KEYWORDS: Groupware, Communication, Cooperation, Awareness, Synchronous/asynchronous, Virtual office, Integration, CSCW INTRODUCTION CSCW and groupware are sufficiently mature that there are now numerous examples of both commercial products and research prototypes for most of the major categories of CSCW technologies (the unOfficial Yellow Pages of CSCW lists 340 commerci...
Gestures Over Video Streams to Support Remote Collaboration on
- Physical Tasks,” Human-Computer Interaction
, 2004
"... See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: ..."
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Cited by 61 (7 self)
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See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at:
Analysis of Gestures in Face-to-Face Design Teams Provides Guidance for How to Use Groupware in Design
- Proceedings of DIS 95
, 1995
"... Many phases of design projects are done in groups. Communication in these groups is naturally supported through a variety of gestures. We catalog four types of gestures that people use when engaged in design (kinetic, spatial, pointing, and other), and overlay it with the purpose of the design subta ..."
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Cited by 60 (0 self)
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Many phases of design projects are done in groups. Communication in these groups is naturally supported through a variety of gestures. We catalog four types of gestures that people use when engaged in design (kinetic, spatial, pointing, and other), and overlay it with the purpose of the design subtask, -- design, meeting management, and other. From this and other observations, we list recommendations for supporting this kind of communication in settings which have technology support, either face-to-face with group editors (where people do not necessarily see the same thing at the same time), and remote work (where people see neither the same view of the object nor a full room view of the other participants). KEYWORDS: Group design, gesture, support for design, remote work. INTRODUCTION Most interactive systems are designed by groups or teams, and during the design phase there are often a number of meetings at which design ideas are discussed. Anyone who has sat through a face-to-fa...
HyperMirror: toward pleasant-to-use video mediated communication system
- In Proceeding of ACM CSCW’98 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
, 1998
"... We designed HyperMirror to provide a new video image that presents an attractive, highly understandable communication environment, rather than imitating face-toface communication. The HyperMirror environment enables all participants to feel they are sharing the same virtual space. Participants commu ..."
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Cited by 58 (6 self)
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We designed HyperMirror to provide a new video image that presents an attractive, highly understandable communication environment, rather than imitating face-toface communication. The HyperMirror environment enables all participants to feel they are sharing the same virtual space. Participants communicate using images meeting the condition "What I See Is What You See" (WISIWYS). Both local and remote participants appear together on a shared video wall, and all things on the wall-- even those out of reach-- become appear to come within reach. Participants sharing the screen tend to act as if they are in the same room.
Shared Spaces: Transportation, Artificiality, and Spatiality
- Proceedings of the 1996 ACM Conference on CSCW
, 1996
"... We begin by reviewing current spatial approaches to CSCW (mediaspaces, spatial video conferencing, collaborative virtual environments and telepresence applications) and classifying them along the proposed dimensions of transportation, artificiality and spatiality. This classification leads us to ide ..."
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Cited by 58 (4 self)
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We begin by reviewing current spatial approaches to CSCW (mediaspaces, spatial video conferencing, collaborative virtual environments and telepresence applications) and classifying them along the proposed dimensions of transportation, artificiality and spatiality. This classification leads us to identify new shared space applications; so called mixed realities. We present an example of a mixed reality called the Internet Foyer, an application which provides a unified entry point into an organisation's physical and electronic environments and which supports awareness and chance encounters between the occupants of physical and synthetic space. INTRODUCTION Interest in spatial approaches to CSCW has grown over recent years. Specific examples of the spatial approach include media spaces [2], spatially oriented video conferencing [12, 13, 19], collaborative virtual environments [1, 24] and tele-presence systems [14]. There has recently been some debate as to the relationship between these v...
Semantic telepointers for groupware
- in Proceedings of OZCHI ’96: The Sixth Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction
, 1996
"... Real time groupware systems often display telepointers (multiple cursors) of all participants in the shared visual workspace. Through the simple mechanism of telepointers, participants can communicate their location, movement, and probable focus of attention within the document, and can gesture over ..."
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Cited by 55 (13 self)
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Real time groupware systems often display telepointers (multiple cursors) of all participants in the shared visual workspace. Through the simple mechanism of telepointers, participants can communicate their location, movement, and probable focus of attention within the document, and can gesture over the shared view. Yet telepointers can be improved. First, they can be applied to groupware where people's view of the work surface differs—through viewport, object placement, or representation variation—by mapping telepointers to the underlying objects rather than to Cartesian coordinates. Second, telepointers can be overloaded with semantic information to provide participants a stronger sense of awareness of what is going on, with little consumption of
