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1,307
Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distributions from occurrence data
- Ecography
, 2006
"... occurrence data ..."
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Extremely Randomized Trees
- MACHINE LEARNING
, 2003
"... This paper presents a new learning algorithm based on decision tree ensembles. In opposition to the classical decision tree induction method, the trees of the ensemble are built by selecting the tests during their induction fully at random. This extreme ..."
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Cited by 262 (49 self)
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This paper presents a new learning algorithm based on decision tree ensembles. In opposition to the classical decision tree induction method, the trees of the ensemble are built by selecting the tests during their induction fully at random. This extreme
Metric Learning by Collapsing Classes
"... We present an algorithm for learning a quadratic Gaussian metric (Mahalanobis distance) for use in classification tasks. Our method relies on the simple geometric intuition that a good metric is one under which points in the same class are simultaneously near each other and far from points in th ..."
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Cited by 224 (2 self)
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We present an algorithm for learning a quadratic Gaussian metric (Mahalanobis distance) for use in classification tasks. Our method relies on the simple geometric intuition that a good metric is one under which points in the same class are simultaneously near each other and far from points in the other classes. We construct a convex optimization problem whose solution generates such a metric by trying to collapse all examples in the same class to a single point and push examples in other classes infinitely far away. We show that when the metric we learn is used in simple classifiers, it yields substantial improvements over standard alternatives on a variety of problems. We also discuss how the learned metric may be used to obtain a compact low dimensional feature representation of the original input space, allowing more efficient classification with very little reduction in performance.
The Entire Regularization Path for the Support Vector Machine
, 2004
"... The Support Vector Machine is a widely used tool for classification. Many efficient imple-mentations exist for fitting a two-class SVM model. The user has to supply values for the tuning parameters: the regularization cost parameter, and the kernel parameters. It seems a common practice is to use a ..."
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Cited by 198 (10 self)
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The Support Vector Machine is a widely used tool for classification. Many efficient imple-mentations exist for fitting a two-class SVM model. The user has to supply values for the tuning parameters: the regularization cost parameter, and the kernel parameters. It seems a common practice is to use a default value for the cost parameter, often leading to the least restrictive model. In this paper we argue that the choice of the cost parameter can be critical. We then derive an algorithm that can fit the entire path of SVM solutions for every value of the cost parameter, with essentially the same computational cost as fitting one SVM model. We illustrate our algorithm on some examples, and use our representation to give further insight into the range of SVM solutions.
Machine learning classifiers and fmri: A tutorial overview
- NeuroImage
, 2009
"... Interpreting brain image experiments requires analysis of complex, multivariate data. In recent years, one analysis approach that has grown in popularity is the use of machine learning algorithms to train classifiers to decode stimuli, mental states, behaviors and other variables of interest from fM ..."
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Cited by 145 (5 self)
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Interpreting brain image experiments requires analysis of complex, multivariate data. In recent years, one analysis approach that has grown in popularity is the use of machine learning algorithms to train classifiers to decode stimuli, mental states, behaviors and other variables of interest from fMRI data and thereby show the data contain enough information about them. In this tutorial overview we review some of the key choices faced in using this approach as well as how to derive statistically significant results, illustrating each point from a case study. Furthermore, we show how, in addition to answering the question of ‘is there information about a variable of interest ’ (pattern discrimination), classifiers can be used to tackle other classes of question, namely ‘where is the information ’ (pattern localization) and ‘how is that information encoded ’ (pattern characterization). 1
An introduction to boosting and leveraging
- Advanced Lectures on Machine Learning, LNCS
, 2003
"... ..."
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Piecewise linear regularized solution paths
- Ann. Statist
, 2007
"... We consider the generic regularized optimization problem ˆ β(λ) = arg minβ L(y, Xβ) + λJ(β). Recently, Efron et al. (2004) have shown that for the Lasso – that is, if L is squared error loss and J(β) = ‖β‖1 is the l1 norm of β – the optimal coefficient path is piecewise linear, i.e., ∂ ˆ β(λ)/∂λ i ..."
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Cited by 138 (9 self)
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We consider the generic regularized optimization problem ˆ β(λ) = arg minβ L(y, Xβ) + λJ(β). Recently, Efron et al. (2004) have shown that for the Lasso – that is, if L is squared error loss and J(β) = ‖β‖1 is the l1 norm of β – the optimal coefficient path is piecewise linear, i.e., ∂ ˆ β(λ)/∂λ is piecewise constant. We derive a general characterization of the properties of (loss L, penalty J) pairs which give piecewise linear coefficient paths. Such pairs allow for efficient generation of the full regularized coefficient paths. We investigate the nature of efficient path following algorithms which arise. We use our results to suggest robust versions of the Lasso for regression and classification, and to develop new, efficient algorithms for existing problems in the literature, including Mammen & van de Geer’s Locally Adaptive Regression Splines. 1
Adapting ranking SVM to document retrieval
- In Proceedings of the 29th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval
, 2006
"... The paper is concerned with applying learning to rank to document retrieval. Ranking SVM is a typical method of learning to rank. We point out that there are two factors one must consider when applying Ranking SVM, in general a “learning to rank” method, to document retrieval. First, correctly ranki ..."
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Cited by 119 (19 self)
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The paper is concerned with applying learning to rank to document retrieval. Ranking SVM is a typical method of learning to rank. We point out that there are two factors one must consider when applying Ranking SVM, in general a “learning to rank” method, to document retrieval. First, correctly ranking documents on the top of the result list is crucial for an Information Retrieval system. One must conduct training in a way that such ranked results are accurate. Second, the number of relevant documents can vary from query to query. One must avoid training a model biased toward queries with a large number of relevant documents. Previously, when existing methods that include Ranking SVM were applied to document retrieval, none of the two factors was taken into consideration. We show it is possible to make modifications in conventional Ranking SVM, so it can be better used for document retrieval. Specifically, we modify the “Hinge Loss ” function in Ranking SVM to deal with the problems described above. We employ two methods to conduct optimization on the loss function: gradient descent and quadratic programming. Experimental results show that our method, referred to as Ranking SVM for IR, can outperform the conventional Ranking SVM and other existing methods for document retrieval on two datasets.
Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation
"... Accurate modeling of geographic distributions of species is crucial to various applications in ecology and conservation. The best performing techniques often require some parameter tuning, which may be prohibitively time-consuming to do separately for each species, or unreliable for small or biased ..."
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Cited by 114 (2 self)
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Accurate modeling of geographic distributions of species is crucial to various applications in ecology and conservation. The best performing techniques often require some parameter tuning, which may be prohibitively time-consuming to do separately for each species, or unreliable for small or biased datasets. Additionally, even with the abundance of good quality data, users interested in the application of species models need not have the statistical knowledge required for detailed tuning. In such cases, it is desirable to use ‘‘default settings’’, tuned and validated on diverse datasets. Maxent is a recently introduced modeling technique, achieving high predictive accuracy and enjoying several additional attractive properties. The performance of Maxent is influenced by a moderate number of parameters. The first contribution of this paper is the empirical tuning of these parameters. Since many datasets lack information about species absence, we present a tuning method that uses presence-only data. We evaluate our method on independently collected high-quality presenceabsence data. In addition to tuning, we introduce several concepts that improve the predictive accuracy and running time of Maxent. We introduce ‘‘hinge features’ ’ that model more complex relationships in the training data; we describe a new logistic output format that gives an estimate of probability of presence; finally we explore ‘‘background sampling’’ strategies that cope with sample selection bias and decrease model-building time. Our evaluation, based on a diverse dataset of 226 species from 6 regions, shows: 1) default settings tuned on presence-only data achieve performance which is almost as good as if they had been tuned on the evaluation data itself; 2) hinge features substantially improve model
Practical selection of svm parameters and noise estimation for svm regression
- Neural Networks
, 2004
"... We investigate practical selection of meta-parameters for SVM regression (that is, ε-insensitive zone and regularization parameter C). The proposed methodology advocates analytic parameter selection directly from the training data, rather than resampling approaches commonly used in SVM applications. ..."
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Cited by 111 (1 self)
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We investigate practical selection of meta-parameters for SVM regression (that is, ε-insensitive zone and regularization parameter C). The proposed methodology advocates analytic parameter selection directly from the training data, rather than resampling approaches commonly used in SVM applications. Good generalization performance of the proposed parameter selection is demonstrated empirically using several low-dimensional and high-dimensional regression problems. Further, we point out the importance of Vapnik’s ε-insensitive loss for regression problems with finite samples. To this end, we compare generalization performance of SVM regression (with optimally chosen ε) with regression using ‘least-modulus ’ loss (ε =0). These comparisons indicate superior generalization performance of SVM regression, for finite sample settings.
