Although detractors of functional programming sometimes claim that functional programming is too difficult or counterintuitive for most programmers to understand and use, evidence to the contrary can be found by looking at the popularity of spreadsheets. The spreadsheet paradigm, a first-order subset of the functional programming paradigm, has found wide acceptance among both programmers and end users. Still, there are many limitations with most spreadsheet systems.

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Availability of precise, yet usable modeling languages is essential to the construction of multimedia systems based on software engineering principles and methods. Although several languages have been proposed for the specification of isolated multimedia system aspects, there not yet exists an integrated modeling language that adequately supports multimedia software development in practice. We propose an extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for the integrated specification of multimedia systems based on an object-oriented development method. Since integration of co-existing timed procedural and interactive behavior is at the heart of multimedia systems, we focus on UML-based specification of behavior in this paper. In addition, we outline how these behavioral aspects are to be integrated with media, presentation, and software architecture modeling to achieve a coherent and consistent model. Keywords: UML, interactive multimedia, behavior specification, integrated modeling 1

E-commerce has begun to evolve beyond simple web pages to more sophisticated ways of conducting ebusiness transactions, such as through electronic advertising, negotiation, and delivery. However, to participate in these advances requires the skills of professional programmers, and end-user owners of small businesses often cannot justify this expense. In this paper, we present FAR, an end-user language to offer and deliver e-services. The novel aspects of FAR are its support of small e-services and its multiparadigm approach to combining ideas from spreadsheets and rulebased programming with drag-and-drop web page layout devices.

this paper, we present an efficient method for automatically generalizing programs written in spreadsheet languages. The strategy is to do generalization through incremental analysis of logical relationships among concrete program entities from the perspective of a particular computational goal. The method uses deductive dataflow analysis with algebraic back-substitution rather than inference with heuristics, and there is no need for generalization-related dialog with the user. We present the algorithms and their time complexities and show that, because the algorithms perform their analyses incrementally, on only the on-screen program elements rather than on the entire program, the method is scalable. Performance data is presented to help demonstrate the scalability. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and Features---procedures, functions, and subroutines; H.4.1 [Information Systems Applications]: Office Automation---spreadsheets; D.1.7 [Programming Techniques]: Visual Programming General Terms: Human Factors, Languages Additional Key Words and Phrases: Human-computer interaction, concrete programming, graphical programming, Forms/3, spreadsheet languages, generalization 1.

E-commerce has begun to evolve beyond simple web pages to more sophisticated ways of conducting e-business transactions, such as through electronic advertising, negotiation, and delivery. However, to participate in these advances requires the skills of professional programmers, and end-user owners of small businesses often cannot justify this expense. In this report, we present FAR, an end-user language to offer and deliver e-services. The novel aspects of FAR are its support of small e-services and its multiparadigm approach to combining ideas from spreadsheets and rule-based programming with drag-and-drop web page layout devices.

The field of HCI is gradually achieving sound theoretical descriptions of the activities, context and cognition of computer system users. How do these research results get applied by the people who design new user interfaces? Although we have theoretical descriptions of the activities of system users, we have fewer descriptions of the design activities of user interface designers. There are certainly theory-based design methods prescribing the things that designers ought to do. Almost all of these have been developed from the perspective of descriptions of the user, rather than from consideration of the needs of designers – the current vogue for “user-centred design ” clearly expresses this emphasis on the user. According to this perspective, if user interface designers are to apply research into user needs, those designers must be able (and interested) to interpret and apply theoretical results. Alternatively, there are also many popular approaches to user interface design that have minimal theoretical grounding. Such design methodologies generally attempt to present designers with a checklist (Nielsen & Molich 1990) or a procedural list of design activities (Wharton, Rieman et. al. 1994) that will generate a good design. The reduction of design to a checklist or a predefined procedure is widely proposed in other areas of software development,