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Structural Equation Modelling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach (1988)

by J Anderson, D Gerbing
Venue:Psychological Bulletin
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On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure

by Jason A. Colquitt - The Journal of Applied Psychology , 2001
"... This study explores the dimensionality of organizational justice and provides evidence of construct validity for a new justice measure. Items for this measure were generated by strictly following the seminal works in the justice literature. The measure was then validated in 2 separate studies. Study ..."
Abstract - Cited by 279 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
This study explores the dimensionality of organizational justice and provides evidence of construct validity for a new justice measure. Items for this measure were generated by strictly following the seminal works in the justice literature. The measure was then validated in 2 separate studies. Study 1 occurred in a university setting, and Study 2 occurred in a field setting using employees in an automobile parts manufacturing company. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a 4-factor structure to the measure, with distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice as distinct dimensions. This solution fit the data significantly better than a 2- or 3-factor solution using larger interactional or procedural dimensions. Structural equation modeling also demonstrated predictive validity for the justice dimensions on important outcomes, including leader evaluation, rule compliance, commitment, and helping behavior. Individuals are the subject of decisions virtually every day of their organizational lives. Some of these decisions deal with the salaries individuals make, some deal with the projects they per-form, and some deal with the social settings in which they func-tion. These decisions have both economic and socioemotional consequences, many of which form the foundation for why indi-

Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance

by Barbara M. Byrne, Richard J. Shavelson, Bengt Muthen - Psychological Bulletin , 1989
"... Addresses issues related to partial measurement in variance using a tutorial approach based on the LISREL confirmatory factor analytic model. Specifically, we demonstrate procedures for (a) using "sensitivity analyses " to establish stable and substantively well-fitting baseline models, (b ..."
Abstract - Cited by 261 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
Addresses issues related to partial measurement in variance using a tutorial approach based on the LISREL confirmatory factor analytic model. Specifically, we demonstrate procedures for (a) using "sensitivity analyses " to establish stable and substantively well-fitting baseline models, (b) determining partially invariant measurement parameters, and (c) testing for the invariance of factor covariance and mean structures, given partial measurement invariance. We also show, explicitly, the transformation of parameters from an all-^fto an all-y model specification, for purposes of testing mean structures. These procedures are illustrated with multidimensional self-concept data from low ( « = 248) and high (n = 582) academically tracked high school adolescents. An important assumption in testing for mean differences is that the measurement (Drasgow & Kanfer, 1985; Labouvie,
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...portant factors in our determination of baseline models: (a) In the social sciences, hypothesized models must be considered only as approximations to reality rather than as exact statements of truth (=-=Anderson & Gerbing, 1988-=-; Cudeck & Browne, 1983; Joreskog, 1982); and (b) the sensitivity of x 2 to sample size is substantially more pronounced for hypothesized target models than for true target models (Marsh et al., 1988)...

Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses

by Roderick P. Mcdonald, Moon-ho Ringo Ho - PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS , 2002
"... Principles for reporting analyses using structural equation modeling are reviewed, with the goal of supplying readers with complete and accurate information. It is recommended that every report give a detailed justification of the model used, along with plausible alternatives and an account of ident ..."
Abstract - Cited by 235 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Principles for reporting analyses using structural equation modeling are reviewed, with the goal of supplying readers with complete and accurate information. It is recommended that every report give a detailed justification of the model used, along with plausible alternatives and an account of identifiability. Nonnormality and missing data problems should also be addressed. A complete set of parameters and their standard errors is desirable, and it will often be convenient to supply the correlation matrix and discrepancies, as well as goodness-of-fit indices, so that readers can exercise independent critical judgment. A survey of fairly representative studies compares recent practice with the principles of reporting recommended here.

Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation.

by Samuel B Bacharach - Academy of Management Review, , 1989
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Abstract - Cited by 220 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
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...f the falsifiability of constructs and variables, construct validity-critical to the building of theory-can never be achieved. Schwab (1980) maintained that because organizational and management theorists and researchers place such emphasis on the examination of relations between independent and dependent phenomena, without examining the characteristics of these phenomena, knowledge of the relationships among phenomena "is not as great as is believed, and (more speculatively) not as great as would be true if the idea of construct validity received greater attention" (p. 4). With this in mind, Anderson and Gerbing (1988) proposed that in undertaking LISRELbased theory testing, researchers should first assess validity for the building blocks of the theory (i.e., confirm the falsifiability of the constructs and variables embedded in propositions and hypotheses) by separate estimation and, where necessary, respecification of the measurement model, and only afterwards simultaneously estimate the measurement and structural submodels. When a theory is evaluated, the boundary between theory construction and theory testing often becomes blurred. As such, theorists have 504 the responsibility to ensure that their hypo...

Re-Examining Perceived Ease of Use and Usefulness: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

by H. Segars, Varun Grover - MIS Quarterly , 1993
"... Recently, Adams, et al. (1992) presented the results of two studies designed to replicate previous work by Fred Davis (1989) regarding perceived usefulness, ease of use, and their in- ..."
Abstract - Cited by 188 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Recently, Adams, et al. (1992) presented the results of two studies designed to replicate previous work by Fred Davis (1989) regarding perceived usefulness, ease of use, and their in-
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... the question of construct validity. Establishing acceptable vels of construct validity is critical, particularly when the measured constructs are to be further used for structural equation modeling (=-=Anderson and Gerbing, 1988-=-). Without unambiguous evidence of construct validity, structural equation estimates may become uninterpretable or counterintuitive-- reflecting the confounding effects associated with poor measuremen...

Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and employee reciprocity

by All P. Settoon, Nathan Bennett, Robert C. Liden - Journal of Applied Psychology , 1996
"... have been used to explain the relationship of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange with employee attitudes and behavior. Recent empirical re-search suggests that individuals engage in different reciprocation efforts depending on the exchange partner (e.g., B. L. McNeely & ..."
Abstract - Cited by 178 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
have been used to explain the relationship of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange with employee attitudes and behavior. Recent empirical re-search suggests that individuals engage in different reciprocation efforts depending on the exchange partner (e.g., B. L. McNeely & B. M. Meglino, 1994). The purpose of the present study was to further investigate these relationships by examining the relative contribution of indicators of employee-organization exchange and subordinate-supervi-sor exchange. Structural equation modeling was used to compare nested models. Results indicate that perceived organizational support is associated with organizational commit-ment, whereas leader-member exchange is associated with citizenship and in-role behavior. The concepts of social exchange (Blau, 1964) and the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960) have long been used by organizational researchers to describe the moti-vational basis behind employee behaviors and the forma-tion of positive employee attitudes (e.g., Etzioni, 1961; Levinson, 1965; March & Simon, 1958). More recently, these concepts have been used to explain why individuals express loyalty to the organization (e.g., Scholl, 1981; Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, & Sowa, 1986) and engage in behaviors that typically are neither formally re-warded nor contractually enforceable (e.g., Organ, 1988; Rousseau, 1989). In general, research findings suggest that positive, beneficial actions directed at employees by the organization and/or its representatives contribute to the establishment of high-quality exchange relationships (e.g., Dansereau, Graen, & Haga, 1975; Konovsky & Pugh, 1994) that create obligations for employees to re-ciprocate in positive, beneficial ways (e.g., Eisenberger et

The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A latent variable analysis

by Naomi P Friedman, See Profile, Naomi P. Friedman, Akira Miyake - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 2004
"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 149 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.

The self-importance of moral identity

by Karl Aquino - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2002
"... Recent theorizing in moral psychology extends rationalist models by calling attention to social and cultural influences (J. Haidt, 2001). Six studies using adolescents, university students, and adults measured the associations among the self-importance of moral identity, moral cognitions, and behavi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 146 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
Recent theorizing in moral psychology extends rationalist models by calling attention to social and cultural influences (J. Haidt, 2001). Six studies using adolescents, university students, and adults measured the associations among the self-importance of moral identity, moral cognitions, and behavior. The psychometric properties of the measure were assessed through an examination of the underlying factor structure (Study 1) and convergent, nomological, and discriminant validity analyses (Studies 2 and 3). The predictive validity of the instrument was assessed by examinations of the relationships among the self-importance of moral identity, various psychological outcomes, and behavior (Studies 4, 5, and 6). The results are discussed in terms of models of moral behavior, social identity measurement, and the need to consider moral self-conceptions in explaining moral conduct. The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.—Edmund Burke, Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontent An ongoing question in the study of moral behavior is when and why people act in the service of human welfare. One of the most influential theoretical approaches for answering this question is the cognitive–developmental model initially proposed by Piaget (1932) and later extended by Kohlberg (1971) and others (Rest, 1979). The central tenet of this model is that the sophistication of a person’s moral reasoning predicts his or her moral behavior (cf.
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.... However, some of the fit statistics failed to reach the recommended levels (Bollen, 1989). When a model fails to achieve a good fit, deleting problematic indicators is the preferred solution (J. G. =-=Anderson & Gerbing, 1988-=-). An inspection of modification indices and standardized residuals indicated that we could improve fit by deleting the item “I often buy products that communicate the fact that I have these character...

Understanding the motivations, participation, and performance of open-source software developers: A longitudinal study of the apache projects

by Jeffrey A. Roberts, Il-horn Hann, Sandra A. Slaughter - Management Science
"... doi 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0554 ..."
Abstract - Cited by 134 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
doi 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0554
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...erts et al.: Understanding the Motivations, Participation, and Performance 994 Management Science 52(7), pp. 984–999, © 2006 INFORMS monly used to evaluate path analysis models with latent variables (=-=Anderson and Gerbing 1988-=-). Due to nonnormality in our data (normalized Mardia’s coefficient = 11�32), we estimated our model using elliptically reweighted least squares (ERLS). ERLS has been shown to be superior to maximum l...

Development of a measure of workplace deviance

by Rebecca J. Bennett, Sandra L. Robinson - Journal of Applied Psychology , 2000
"... The purpose of this research was to develop broad, theoretically derived measure(s) of deviant behavior in the workplace. Two scales were developed: a 12-item scale of organizational deviance (deviant behaviors directly harmful to the organization) and a 7-item scale of interpersonal deviance (devia ..."
Abstract - Cited by 127 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
The purpose of this research was to develop broad, theoretically derived measure(s) of deviant behavior in the workplace. Two scales were developed: a 12-item scale of organizational deviance (deviant behaviors directly harmful to the organization) and a 7-item scale of interpersonal deviance (deviant behaviors directly harmful to other individuals within the organization). These scales were found to have internal reliabilities of.81 and.78, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis verified that a 2-factor structure had acceptable fit. Preliminary evidence of construct validity is also provided. The implications of this instrument for future empirical research on workplace deviance are discussed. Workplace deviance is a pervasive and expensive problem for organizations. For example, 75 % of employees have reportedly stolen from their employer at least once (McGurn, 1988), and it has been estimated that 33 % to 75 % of all employees have engaged in behaviors such as theft, fraud, vandalism, sabotage, and voluntary absenteeism (Harper, 1990). In recent studies, almost 25 % of an employee sample indicated knowledge of illicit drug use among coworkers during the past year (Lehman, Wolcom, &
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...leting these items improved model fit, x*(l47, N = 143) = 198.37, p < .00, RMSR = .05, GFI = .87, CFI = .90, and NFI = .88, and resulted in nearly all of the indexes falling within acceptable ranges (=-=Anderson & Gerbing, 1988-=-). The 7 interpersonal deviance items were aggregated to form a scale, as were the 12 organizational deviance items. The scales showed acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha reliabilit...

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