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200
Formal aspects of a generic model of trust for electronic commerce
- Journal of Decision Support Systems
, 2002
"... We present a generic model of trust for electronic commerce. The basic components of the model are party trust and control trust. We argue that an agent’s trust in a transaction with another party is a combination of the trust in the other party and the trust in the control mechanisms for the succes ..."
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Cited by 44 (9 self)
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We present a generic model of trust for electronic commerce. The basic components of the model are party trust and control trust. We argue that an agent’s trust in a transaction with another party is a combination of the trust in the other party and the trust in the control mechanisms for the successful performance of the transaction. This distinction is in particular relevant for international business-to-business electronic commerce, where trading partners often do not know each other before the trading takes place. The generic trust model can be used for the design of trust related value-added services in electronic commerce. The trust an agent has in the control mechanisms depends on the agent’s understanding of the control mechanism. We give a formal analysis of the understanding that is required to obtain trust in control mechanisms in electronic commerce.
A Normative Framework for Agent-Based Systems
- Comput. Math. Organ. Theory
"... One of the key issues in the computational representation of open societies relates to the introduction of norms that help to cope with the heterogeneity, the autonomy and the diversity of interests among their members. Research regarding this issue presents two omissions. One is the lack of a canon ..."
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Cited by 42 (11 self)
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One of the key issues in the computational representation of open societies relates to the introduction of norms that help to cope with the heterogeneity, the autonomy and the diversity of interests among their members. Research regarding this issue presents two omissions. One is the lack of a canonical model of norms that facilitates their implementation, and that allows us to describe the processes of reasoning about norms. The other refers to considering, in the model of normative multi-agent systems, the perspective of individual agents and what they might need to effectively reason about the society in which they participate. Both are the concerns of this paper, and the main objective is to present a formal normative framework for agent-based systems. 1
A Protocol for Resource Sharing in Norm-Governed Ad Hoc Networks
, 2005
"... Ad hoc networks may be viewed as computational systems whose members may fail to, or choose not to, comply with the rules governing their behaviour. We are investigating to what extent ad hoc networks can usefully be described in terms of permissions, obligations and other more complex normative r ..."
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Cited by 34 (9 self)
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Ad hoc networks may be viewed as computational systems whose members may fail to, or choose not to, comply with the rules governing their behaviour. We are investigating to what extent ad hoc networks can usefully be described in terms of permissions, obligations and other more complex normative relations, based on our previous work on specifying and modelling open agent societies. We now propose to employ our existing framework for the management of ad hoc networks, exploiting the similarities between open agent societies and ad hoc networks viewed at the application level. We also discuss the prospects of modelling ad hoc networks at the physical level in similar terms. We demonstrate the framework by constructing an executable specification, in the event calculus, of a common type of protocol used to regulate the control of access to shared resources in ad hoc networks.
Action Concepts for Describing Organised Interaction
, 1997
"... The main aim of this paper is to propose a set of action concepts useful for describing organised interaction. These action concepts focus on two distinctions: the distinction between "direct" and "indirect" action, and the distinction between "successful" and "not ..."
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Cited by 34 (0 self)
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The main aim of this paper is to propose a set of action concepts useful for describing organised interaction. These action concepts focus on two distinctions: the distinction between "direct" and "indirect" action, and the distinction between "successful" and "not necessarily successful" action. The formal characterisation of these concepts is given by means of modal logics, following the same tradition in the logical characterisation of act descriptions as employed by Kanger and Prn . The modal action operators proposed are also combined with a deontic logic and a conditional logic, in order to illustrate their application to the analysis of some simple organisations. The focus of interest is on the notion of transmission of agency, and on the characterisation of the conditions under which an organisation recognises that an agent has fulfilled the responsibilities assigned to him.
Norms and Electronic Institutions
- L. Goble and J.-J.C. Meyer (Eds.): DEON 2006, LNAI
, 2006
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M.: Artificial Institutions: A Model of Institutional Reality for Open Multi-Agent Systems
- AI and Law
, 2008
"... Software agents ’ ability to interact within different open systems, de-signed by different groups, presupposes an agreement on an unambiguous definition of a set of concepts, used to describe the context of the in-teraction and the communication language the agents can use. Agents’ interactions oug ..."
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Cited by 32 (9 self)
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Software agents ’ ability to interact within different open systems, de-signed by different groups, presupposes an agreement on an unambiguous definition of a set of concepts, used to describe the context of the in-teraction and the communication language the agents can use. Agents’ interactions ought to allow for reliable expectations on the possible evo-lution of the system; however, in open systems interacting agents may not conform to predefined specifications. A possible solution is to define interaction environments including a normative component, with suitable rules to regulate the behaviour of agents. To tackle this problem we propose an application-independent meta-model of artificial institutions that can be used to define open multiagent systems. In our view an artificial institution is made up by an ontology that models the social context of the interaction, a set of authorizations to act on the institutional context, a set of linguistic conventions for the per-formance of institutional actions and a system of norms that are necessary to constrain the agents ’ actions. 1
An executable specification of an argumentation protocol
- IN PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW (ICAIL
, 2003
"... Open multi-agent computational systems are composed of heterogeneous and possibly antagonistic software entities. Characteristic features are limited trust and unpredictable behaviour. Members of such systems may fail to, or even choose not to, conform to the norms governing their interactions. It h ..."
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Cited by 32 (15 self)
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Open multi-agent computational systems are composed of heterogeneous and possibly antagonistic software entities. Characteristic features are limited trust and unpredictable behaviour. Members of such systems may fail to, or even choose not to, conform to the norms governing their interactions. It has been argued that systems of this type should have a formal, declarative, verifiable, and meaningful semantics. We present a theoretical and computational framework being developed for the executable specification of such systems. We adopt an external perspective and view open computational systems as instances of normative systems. In this paper we demonstrate how the framework can be applied to specifying and executing an argumentation protocol based on Brewka’s reconstruction of Rescher’s theory of formal disputation. The specification is formalised in the action language C+ and executed using the ‘Causal Calculator’ (Ccalc) implementation.
Organizations as socially constructed agents in the agent oriented paradigm
- In LNAI n. 3451: Procs. of ESAW’04
"... Abstract. In this paper we propose a new role for the agent metaphor in the definition of the organizational structure of multiagent systems. The agent metaphor is extended to consider as agents also social entities like organizations, groups and normative systems, so that mental attitudes can be at ..."
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Cited by 32 (23 self)
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Abstract. In this paper we propose a new role for the agent metaphor in the definition of the organizational structure of multiagent systems. The agent metaphor is extended to consider as agents also social entities like organizations, groups and normative systems, so that mental attitudes can be attributed to them- beliefs, desires and goals- and also an autonomous and proactive behavior. We show how the metaphor can be applied also to structure organizations in functional areas and roles, which are described as agents too. Thus, the agent metaphor can play a role similar to the object oriented metaphor which allows structuring objects in component objects. Finally, we discuss how the agent metaphor addresses the problems of control and communication in such structured organizations. 1
A Survey of Policy Specification Approaches
, 2002
"... Policies are rules governing the choices in behaviour of a system. They are often used as a means of implementing flexible and adaptive systems for management of internet services, distributed systems, and security systems. There is also a need for a common specification of security policy for large ..."
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Cited by 30 (0 self)
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Policies are rules governing the choices in behaviour of a system. They are often used as a means of implementing flexible and adaptive systems for management of internet services, distributed systems, and security systems. There is also a need for a common specification of security policy for large-scale, multiorganisational systems where access control is implemented in a variety of heterogeneous components. In this paper we survey both security and management policy specification approaches. We also cover the issues relating to detecting and resolving conflicts which can arise in the policies and some ideas on how to refine high level goals and service level agreements into implementable policies. The paper briefly outlines some of the research issues that have to be solved for large-scale adoption of policy-based systems.
Supervised Interaction – Creating a Web of Trust for Contracting Agents in Electronic Environments
- In Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi–Agent Systems
, 2002
"... Supervised interaction is concerned with the problem of establishing trust between contracting agents in electronic markets. Agents act as representatives of their organisations or of individuals, negotiate contracts for the supply of goods and services and manage their delivery. It is essential for ..."
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Cited by 30 (10 self)
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Supervised interaction is concerned with the problem of establishing trust between contracting agents in electronic markets. Agents act as representatives of their organisations or of individuals, negotiate contracts for the supply of goods and services and manage their delivery. It is essential for the automation of business transactions to put safeguards in place that ensure that errant behaviour is either prevented or sanctioned. The model proposed in the paper – Supervised Interaction – consists of three elements: an organisational framework, a contract specification language and a contract management protocol. The organisational framework emphasises the importance of introducing a trusted third party into any automated business transaction. Three essential roles are, therefore, proposed: the addressee, counter-party and authority. The normative positions of the agents involved in an automated business transaction are explicitly expressed within the contracts that govern agents’ behaviour during supervised interaction. This interaction model is designed to provide the web of trust necessary for successful deployment of agent-mediated electronic markets.
