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144
NESTA: A Fast and Accurate First-Order Method for Sparse Recovery
, 2009
"... Accurate signal recovery or image reconstruction from indirect and possibly undersampled data is a topic of considerable interest; for example, the literature in the recent field of compressed sensing is already quite immense. Inspired by recent breakthroughs in the development of novel first-order ..."
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Cited by 171 (2 self)
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Accurate signal recovery or image reconstruction from indirect and possibly undersampled data is a topic of considerable interest; for example, the literature in the recent field of compressed sensing is already quite immense. Inspired by recent breakthroughs in the development of novel first-order methods in convex optimization, most notably Nesterov’s smoothing technique, this paper introduces a fast and accurate algorithm for solving common recovery problems in signal processing. In the spirit of Nesterov’s work, one of the key ideas of this algorithm is a subtle averaging of sequences of iterates, which has been shown to improve the convergence properties of standard gradient-descent algorithms. This paper demonstrates that this approach is ideally suited for solving large-scale compressed sensing reconstruction problems as 1) it is computationally efficient, 2) it is accurate and returns solutions with several correct digits, 3) it is flexible and amenable to many kinds of reconstruction problems, and 4) it is robust in the sense that its excellent performance across a wide range of problems does not depend on the fine tuning of several parameters. Comprehensive numerical experiments on realistic signals exhibiting a large dynamic range show that this algorithm compares favorably with recently proposed state-of-the-art methods. We also apply the algorithm to solve other problems for which there are fewer alternatives, such as total-variation minimization, and
A SELECTIVE OVERVIEW OF VARIABLE SELECTION IN HIGH DIMENSIONAL FEATURE SPACE
, 2010
"... High dimensional statistical problems arise from diverse fields of scientific research and technological development. Variable selection plays a pivotal role in contemporary statistical learning and scientific discoveries. The traditional idea of best subset selection methods, which can be regarded ..."
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Cited by 70 (6 self)
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High dimensional statistical problems arise from diverse fields of scientific research and technological development. Variable selection plays a pivotal role in contemporary statistical learning and scientific discoveries. The traditional idea of best subset selection methods, which can be regarded as a specific form of penalized likelihood, is computationally too expensive for many modern statistical applications. Other forms of penalized likelihood methods have been successfully developed over the last decade to cope with high dimensionality. They have been widely applied for simultaneously selecting important variables and estimating their effects in high dimensional statistical inference. In this article, we present a brief account of the recent developments of theory, methods, and implementations for high dimensional variable selection. What limits of the dimensionality such methods can handle, what the role of penalty functions is, and what the statistical properties are rapidly drive the advances of the field. The properties of non-concave penalized likelihood and its roles in high dimensional statistical modeling are emphasized. We also review some recent advances in ultra-high dimensional variable selection, with emphasis on independence screening and two-scale methods.
Sparse signal recovery with temporally correlated source vectors using sparse Bayesian learning
- IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process
, 2011
"... Abstract — We address the sparse signal recovery problem in the context of multiple measurement vectors (MMV) when elements in each nonzero row of the solution matrix are temporally correlated. Existing algorithms do not consider such temporal correlation and thus their performance degrades signific ..."
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Cited by 59 (15 self)
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Abstract — We address the sparse signal recovery problem in the context of multiple measurement vectors (MMV) when elements in each nonzero row of the solution matrix are temporally correlated. Existing algorithms do not consider such temporal correlation and thus their performance degrades significantly with the correlation. In this work, we propose a block sparse Bayesian learning framework which models the temporal correlation. We derive two sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithms, which have superior recovery performance compared to existing algorithms, especially in the presence of high temporal correlation. Furthermore, our algorithms are better at handling highly underdetermined problems and require less row-sparsity on the solution matrix. We also provide analysis of the global and local minima of their cost function, and show that the SBL cost function has the very desirable property that the global minimum is at the sparsest solution to the MMV problem. Extensive experiments also provide some interesting results that motivate future theoretical research on the MMV model.
ℓ1 Trend Filtering
, 2007
"... The problem of estimating underlying trends in time series data arises in a variety of disciplines. In this paper we propose a variation on Hodrick-Prescott (H-P) filtering, a widely used method for trend estimation. The proposed ℓ1 trend filtering method substitutes a sum of absolute values (i.e., ..."
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Cited by 51 (7 self)
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The problem of estimating underlying trends in time series data arises in a variety of disciplines. In this paper we propose a variation on Hodrick-Prescott (H-P) filtering, a widely used method for trend estimation. The proposed ℓ1 trend filtering method substitutes a sum of absolute values (i.e., an ℓ1-norm) for the sum of squares used in H-P filtering to penalize variations in the estimated trend. The ℓ1 trend filtering method produces trend estimates that are piecewise linear, and therefore is well suited to analyzing time series with an underlying piecewise linear trend. The kinks, knots, or changes in slope, of the estimated trend can be interpreted as abrupt changes or events in the underlying dynamics of the time series. Using specialized interior-point methods, ℓ1 trend filtering can be carried out with not much more effort than H-P filtering; in particular, the number of arithmetic operations required grows linearly with the number of data points. We describe the method and some of its basic properties, and give some illustrative examples. We show how the method is related to ℓ1 regularization based methods in sparse signal recovery and feature selection, and list some extensions of the basic method.
An efficient algorithm for compressed MR imaging using total variation and wavelets
- in IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
, 2008
"... Compressed sensing, an emerging multidisciplinary field involving mathematics, probability, optimization, and signal processing, focuses on reconstructing an unknown signal from a very limited number of samples. Because information such as boundaries of organs is very sparse in most MR images, compr ..."
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Cited by 49 (3 self)
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Compressed sensing, an emerging multidisciplinary field involving mathematics, probability, optimization, and signal processing, focuses on reconstructing an unknown signal from a very limited number of samples. Because information such as boundaries of organs is very sparse in most MR images, compressed sensing makes it possible to reconstruct the same MR image from a very limited set of measurements significantly reducing the MRI scan duration. In order to do that however, one has to solve the difficult problem of minimizing nonsmooth functions on large data sets. To handle this, we propose an efficient algorithm that jointly minimizes the ℓ1 norm, total variation, and a least squares measure, one of the most powerful models for compressive MR imaging. Our algorithm is based upon an iterative operator-splitting framework. The calculations are accelerated by continuation and takes advantage of fast wavelet and Fourier transforms enabling our code to process MR images from actual real life applications. We show that faithful MR images can be reconstructed from a subset that represents a mere 20 percent of the complete set of measurements. 1.
Sparse signal reconstruction via iterative support detection
- Siam Journal on Imaging Sciences, issue
, 2010
"... Abstract. We present a novel sparse signal reconstruction method, iterative support detection (ISD), aiming to achieve fast reconstruction and a reduced requirement on the number of measurements compared to the classical ℓ1 minimization approach. ISD addresses failed reconstructions of ℓ1 minimizati ..."
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Cited by 36 (5 self)
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Abstract. We present a novel sparse signal reconstruction method, iterative support detection (ISD), aiming to achieve fast reconstruction and a reduced requirement on the number of measurements compared to the classical ℓ1 minimization approach. ISD addresses failed reconstructions of ℓ1 minimization due to insufficient measurements. It estimates a support set I from a current reconstruction and obtains a new reconstruction by solving the minimization problem min { ∑ i/∈I |xi | : Ax = b}, and it iterates these two steps for a small number of times. ISD differs from the orthogonal matching pursuit method, as well as its variants, because (i) the index set I in ISD is not necessarily nested or increasing, and (ii) the minimization problem above updates all the components of x at the same time. We generalize the null space property to the truncated null space property and present our analysis of ISD based on the latter. We introduce an efficient implementation of ISD, called threshold-ISD, for recovering signals with fast decaying distributions of nonzeros from compressive sensing measurements. Numerical experiments show that threshold-ISD has significant advantages over the classical ℓ1 minimization approach, as well as two state-of-the-art algorithms: the iterative reweighted ℓ1 minimization algorithm (IRL1) and the iterative reweighted least-squares algorithm (IRLS). MATLAB code is available for download from
Automatic relevance determination in nonnegative matrix factorization
- in SPARS, (St-Malo
, 2009
"... This paper addresses the problem of estimating the latent dimensionality in nonnegative matrix fatorization (NMF) via automatic relevance determination (ARD). Uncovering the latent dimensionality is necessary for striking the right balance between data fidelity and overfitting. We propose a Bayesian ..."
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Cited by 34 (4 self)
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This paper addresses the problem of estimating the latent dimensionality in nonnegative matrix fatorization (NMF) via automatic relevance determination (ARD). Uncovering the latent dimensionality is necessary for striking the right balance between data fidelity and overfitting. We propose a Bayesian model for NMF and two algorithms known as ℓ1- and ℓ2-ARD, each assuming different priors on the basis and the coefficients. The proposed algorithms leverage on the recent algorithmic advances in NMF with the β-divergence using majorization-minimization (MM) methods. We show by using auxiliary functions that the cost function decreases monotonically to a local minimum. We demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of our algorithms by performing experiments on the swimmer dataset. 1
Surveying and comparing simultaneous sparse approximation (or group-lasso) algorithms
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Joint-sparse recovery from multiple measurements
, 2009
"... The joint-sparse recovery problem aims to recover, from sets of compressed measurements, unknown sparse matrices with nonzero entries restricted to a subset of rows. This is an extension of the single-measurement-vector (SMV) problem widely studied in compressed sensing. We analyze the recovery prop ..."
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Cited by 27 (0 self)
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The joint-sparse recovery problem aims to recover, from sets of compressed measurements, unknown sparse matrices with nonzero entries restricted to a subset of rows. This is an extension of the single-measurement-vector (SMV) problem widely studied in compressed sensing. We analyze the recovery properties for two types of recovery algorithms. First, we show that recovery using sum-of-norm minimization cannot exceed the uniform recovery rate of sequential SMV using ℓ1 minimization, and that there are problems that can be solved with one approach but not with the other. Second, we analyze the performance of the ReMBo algorithm [M. Mishali and Y. Eldar, IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc., 56 (2008)] in combination with ℓ1 minimization, and show how recovery improves as more measurements are taken. From this analysis it follows that having more measurements than number of nonzero rows does not improve the potential theoretical recovery rate. 1
Spectral Analysis of Nonuniformly Sampled Data and Applications
, 2012
"... Signal acquisition, signal reconstruction and analysis of spectrum of the signal are the three most important steps in signal processing and they are found in almost all of the modern day hardware. In most of the signal processing hardware, the signal of interest is sampled at uniform intervals sati ..."
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Cited by 27 (0 self)
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Signal acquisition, signal reconstruction and analysis of spectrum of the signal are the three most important steps in signal processing and they are found in almost all of the modern day hardware. In most of the signal processing hardware, the signal of interest is sampled at uniform intervals satisfying some conditions like Nyquist rate. However, in some cases the privilege of having uniformly sampled data is lost due to some constraints on the hardware resources. In this thesis an important problem of signal reconstruction and spectral analysis from nonuniformly sampled data is addressed and a variety of methods are presented. The proposed methods are tested via numerical experiments on both artificial and real-life data sets. The thesis starts with a brief review of methods available in the literature for signal reconstruction and spectral analysis from non uniformly sampled data. The methods discussed in the thesis are classified into two broad categories- dense and sparse methods, the classification is based on the kind of spectra for which they are applicable. Under dense spectral methods the main contribution of the thesis is a non-parametric approach named LIMES, which recovers the smooth spectrum from non uniformly sampled data. Apart from recovering
