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12
The 2008 Survey of Consumer Payment Choice
"... instruments available, including cash, and used 3.8 of them during a typical month. Between the 2008 and 2009 surveys, a period that includes the trough of the latest recession, consumers significantly increased their use of cash and close substitutes for cash, such as money orders and prepaid cards ..."
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instruments available, including cash, and used 3.8 of them during a typical month. Between the 2008 and 2009 surveys, a period that includes the trough of the latest recession, consumers significantly increased their use of cash and close substitutes for cash, such as money orders and prepaid cards. At the same time, consumers reduced their use of credit cards and (to a lesser extent) debit cards, as well as payments made using a bank account number. Weaker economic conditions, new government regulations, and bank pricing of payment card services all likely contributed to the shift back toward cash. However, it is difficult to determine how much each of these factors contributed, and whether the shift is transitory or permanent, without more data and research on consumer payment choice. In 2009, one in three consumers had a prepaid card and nearly as many had a nonbank payment account online, while 3 percent made a mobile payment. By focusing on payments by consumers only, the SCPC complements the recent 2010 Federal Reserve Payment Study, which describes the entire noncash payments economy.
Internet-Based Measurement With Visual Analogue Scales: An Experimental Investigation
, 2010
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Article Left Feels Right: A Usability Study on the Position of Answer Boxes in Web Surveys
"... The literature on human-computer interaction consistently stresses the importance of reducing the cognitive effort required by users who interact with a computer in order to improve the experience and enhance usability and comprehension. Applying this perspective to web surveys, questionnaire design ..."
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The literature on human-computer interaction consistently stresses the importance of reducing the cognitive effort required by users who interact with a computer in order to improve the experience and enhance usability and comprehension. Applying this perspective to web surveys, questionnaire designers are advised to strive for layouts that facilitate the response process and reduce the effort required to select an answer. In this article, we examine whether placing the answer boxes (i.e., radio buttons or check boxes) to the left or to the right of the answer options in closed questions with vertically arranged response categories enhances usability and facilitates responding. First, we discuss a set of opposing principles of how respondents may process these types of questions in web surveys, some suggesting placing the answer boxes to the left and others suggesting placing them to the right side of the answer options. Second, we report an eye-tracking experiment that examined whether web survey responding is best described by one or another of these principles, and consequently whether one of the three layouts is preferable in terms of usabil-ity: (1) answer boxes to the left of left-aligned answer options, (2) answer boxes to the right of left-aligned answer options, and (3) answer boxes to the right of right-aligned answer options. Our results indicate that the majority of respondents conform to a principle suggesting placing the answer boxes to the left of left-aligned answer options. Moreover, respondents require less cogni-tive effort (operationalized by response latencies, fixation times, fixation counts, and number of gaze switches between answer options and answer boxes) to select an answer in this layout.
HART: The Human Affect Recording Tool
"... ABSTRACT . This examination provides insight into the design of HART for rapid data collection for both formative classroom assessment and educational research. It also discusses the possible extension of these tools to other domains of affective computing and human computer interaction. ..."
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ABSTRACT . This examination provides insight into the design of HART for rapid data collection for both formative classroom assessment and educational research. It also discusses the possible extension of these tools to other domains of affective computing and human computer interaction.
Comparison of NSDUH Health and Health Care Utilization Estimates to Other National Data Sources Authors
, 2013
"... In addition to collecting data on substance use and mental health in the United States, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health also collects data on health conditions and health care utilization. It is important for users of these data to recognize how the NSDUH estimates differ from prevalence ..."
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In addition to collecting data on substance use and mental health in the United States, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health also collects data on health conditions and health care utilization. It is important for users of these data to recognize how the NSDUH estimates differ from prevalence estimates produced by other nationally representative data sources, which have various objectives and scope, sampling designs, and data collection procedures. This report compares specific health conditions, overall health, and health care utilization prevalence estimates from the 2006 NSDUH and other national data sources. Methodological differences among these data sources that may contribute to differences in estimates are described. In addition to NSDUH, three of the data sources use respondent self-reports to measure health characteristics and service utilization: the National Health Interview
iDec: Real-time eye state classification via web cam
, 2012
"... This paper presents a real-time eye state classifier via a simple web cam. With the help of 3-means color clustering of detected eyes via OpenCV, features for Softmax Regression are derived and used to classify in real-time four different eye positions: looking straight, looking left, looking upward ..."
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This paper presents a real-time eye state classifier via a simple web cam. With the help of 3-means color clustering of detected eyes via OpenCV, features for Softmax Regression are derived and used to classify in real-time four different eye positions: looking straight, looking left, looking upward, looking right. Given that two eyes are detected in a face, the system classifies the eye-states with an accuracy ranging from 95-99%. We portray the systems value for both video content providers and consumers, including the ability to analyze content quality and viewer attention over time. 1
Measuring Propensity to Join the Military: Survey Data Are Consistent Regardless of Response Option Order
"... Vol. 7, no 2, 2014 | www.surveypractice.org ..."
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© notice, is given to the source. Bias in Cable News: Real Effects and Polarization
, 2014
"... Wallis Political Economy Conference, and the Workshop on Media Economics for comments and suggestions, and Carlos Sanchez-Martinez for excellent research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Resear ..."
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Wallis Political Economy Conference, and the Workshop on Media Economics for comments and suggestions, and Carlos Sanchez-Martinez for excellent research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.
Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 OPEN ACCESS
, 2015
"... Declarations can be found on page 25 DOI 10.7717/peerj.908 Copyright 2015 Wilson et al. ..."
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Declarations can be found on page 25 DOI 10.7717/peerj.908 Copyright 2015 Wilson et al.
