Instant messaging (IM) is one of the newest and fastest-growing communication technologies in the workplace today, yet little is known about its real implications for worker productivity. We have taken the particular affordances of instant messaging as the basis for extrapolating from and linking prior studies of email use, polychronic communication, and task interruptions to develop propositions regarding the unanticipated individual-level productivity implications of widespread IM use in the workplace. We argue that while instant message communication may accelerate particular tasks and decision processes, unstructured IM use will likely contribute to erosion in individuals' overall productivity due to an increase in users' communicative workloads, engagement in polychronic communication, and an increase in the frequency of interruptions. We intend our proposed model and propositions as an impetus for further study of both the benefits and challenges of workplace instant messaging.

The paper studies the relationship between information technology (IT), time personality and managerial productivity. Time personality is captured by concepts of polychronicity and monochronicity. They reflect an individual's preference for being engaged in either many (polychronicity) or one (monochronicity) activity at a time block. The concepts of time personality, poly- /monochronicity are represented by a set of the temporal dimensions. In this paper we present a descriptive study in a form of survey, in which the temporal dimensions serve as mediators between IT and productivity. By conducting this study we aim to find evidence for the existence of a link between IT, poly/monochronicity and the productivity of managerial work. Analysis of the data shows the positive nature of the relationships between IT and productivity within the frames of the research design. Managers reported that IT influences productivity positively by altering the temporal dimensions. We also found differences between the impact of IT on the productivity of senior and middle managers. While the work of middle managers is greatly influenced by organizational processes, the work of senior managers is influenced by such a factor as their personality. Personal preferences are often ignored in current practice of IS development -- a fact that weakens the positive impact of IT on the productivity of managers. In our paper we propose an approach to the development of IS that takes into account a manager's time personality. The approach is based on an understanding and modeling of managerial activities and an elicitation of requirements imposed by different time personalities on the management information systems.

This paper is an extensive comparative study between a Chinese MNC that merged with US MNC in US and a Chinese merged MNC in China, which focuses on a comparison of cultural impact on the organization. The data from two merged firms, one is Chinese MNC merged with Chinese MNC in China and the other is in Chinese MNC merged with US MNC within US are used to identify the cultural values to understand the impacts that were manifested after Asian culture penetrated the Western organization. In this paper, appropriate research methodology was utilized to find valid and reliable statistics which magnified the differences between two Asian MNCs ’ merges. The statistic significances has shown on the comparison in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance and time. It is to say the national culture has great impact on organizations. The findings indicate that national culture is still manifested, and the value of employees, basically, is based upon the local orientation in Asian MNC merged with American MNC in the USA. Given such an empirical study, it is determined that local culture significantly affects their management style in merged organizations. Keywords: CrossBorder M&A, Crossculture management, Organizational Culture, International Business, Merger and Acquisition