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The Demise of Queer Space? Resurgent Gentrification and the Assimilation of LGBT Neighborhoods
- Journal of Planning Education and Research
, 2011
"... In the past forty years, gay and lesbian populations have established a visible presence in many cities, but recent gentrification has put pressure on LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered) neighborhoods. This article uses a case study of the Atlanta metropolitan area to examine the effect ..."
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In the past forty years, gay and lesbian populations have established a visible presence in many cities, but recent gentrification has put pressure on LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered) neighborhoods. This article uses a case study of the Atlanta metropolitan area to examine the effects of resurgent gentrification on LGBT neighborhoods. The study finds that rising housing values have dispersed the LGBT population, and former LGBT neighborhoods have become less tolerant of LGBT people and the businesses that anchor the LGBT community. The article considers ways that planning practice might seek to preserve LGBT-friendly neighborhoods and the people and institutions that depend on them. Keywords community development, gay and lesbian enclaves, gentrification, housing, neighborhood planning, queer space In the forty years since the Stonewall rebellion, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) population has amassed a measure of political clout and economic power that is, at least partially, a result of the social and cultural capital created in various LGBT neighborhoods in the post–World War II era. These enclaves in large metropolitan areas were initially gentrified by gay men and some lesbian residents fleeing dis-crimination elsewhere. Individually and sometimes collectively, many LGBT persons sought these safe zones that some have labeled queer spaces (Bell and Valentine 1995; Betsky 1997; Ingram, Bouthillette, and Ritter 1997). Many of these once-derelict neighborhoods, such as the Castro in San Francisco, West Hollywood in Los Angeles, Boys Town in Chicago, the
Gentrification and the grassroots: Popular support in the revanchist suburb
- Journal of Urban Affairs
, 2006
"... ABSTRACT: Most existing research on neighborhoods facing gentrification has portrayed residents as resistant or politically quiescent. Drawing from a year of fieldwork in Dundalk, MD, I argue that developers and the neoliberal state will probably find popular support for gentrification as they reinv ..."
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ABSTRACT: Most existing research on neighborhoods facing gentrification has portrayed residents as resistant or politically quiescent. Drawing from a year of fieldwork in Dundalk, MD, I argue that developers and the neoliberal state will probably find popular support for gentrification as they reinvest in the politically divided industrial suburbs of the United States. Local homeowners and community associations have emerged as gentrification supporters for three interrelated reasons. First, many of them have drawn from a resurgent national conser-vatism to explain decline as an effect of government subsidies and ‘‘people from the city;’ ’ their desire to reclaim suburban space—a ‘‘suburban revanchism’’—although avoiding accusations of racism makes gentrification-induced displacement appealing. Second, the rebirth of urban neighborhoods and other industrial suburbs provides visual evidence of gentrification’s success. Third, the neoliberal state’s retreat from social programs and its emphasis on private-sector redevelopment allay suspicion of government and enable collaboration between the local state, developers, and homeowners. The redevelopment efforts of two local organizations illustrate how residents have become indispensable partners in Dundalk’s emergent pro-gentrification coalition. Gentrification studies have long given center stage to debates among scholars who
Valuing new development in distressed urban neighborhoods: does design matter? American Planning Association
- Journal of the American Planning Association
, 2007
"... A housing construction boom occurred in some of the poorest urban neighborhoods in the United States in the 1990s. Attracted by vacant land and new markets, and possessing access to cheap credit, for-profit developers built a mix of housing, ranging from multifamily buildings to gated single-family ..."
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A housing construction boom occurred in some of the poorest urban neighborhoods in the United States in the 1990s. Attracted by vacant land and new markets, and possessing access to cheap credit, for-profit developers built a mix of housing, ranging from multifamily buildings to gated single-family homes in poor neighborhoods. The urban design of this new housing varied widely. In this article, we examine whether urban design is a significant contributor to the value of new housing in poor urban neighborhoods, assuming that resident preferences are revealed in the prices paid for different kinds of housing and that these in turn are reflected in their assessed values. We distinguish between three urban design types: enclave, traditional neighborhood development (TND), and infill. We perform a parcel-based hedonic regression to explain the values of new housing constructed in high-poverty Chicago census tracts between 1993 and 2003. We investigate the relationship between urban design and housing values in poor neighborhoods, about which little is known, because previous research on the effects of urban design on housing values has focused almost exclusively on new urbanist projects in more affluent areas. We also hope to make local governments aware of the potential of urban design policies to create value in distressed neighborhoods and to reduce resistance to new development products among realtors and tax assessors who shape real estate market practices.
Divided over diversity: Political discourse in a Chicago neighborhood
- City & Community
, 2005
"... In a Chicago neighborhood made up of different racial and economic groups, nearly everyone claims to value diversity. Yet, this powerful and plastic symbol can influence political activity in opposite directions. An ethnographic study of the neighborhood shows how three different groups—white real e ..."
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In a Chicago neighborhood made up of different racial and economic groups, nearly everyone claims to value diversity. Yet, this powerful and plastic symbol can influence political activity in opposite directions. An ethnographic study of the neighborhood shows how three different groups—white real estate professionals and politicians, white progressive organizers, and black low-income housing advocates—deploy di-versity. It presents three key findings: (1) mixed-income housing often becomes a proxy for diversity; (2) the diversity concept can support progressive politics while downplaying certain racial and class disparities; and (3) a focus on neighborhood diversity can obscure issues that poor people care about, including tenants rights. By providing a microlevel perspective on diversity discourse, these findings demon-strate how a shared symbol can both illuminate and veil fundamental disagreements over race, class, inequality, and gentrification in cities today. Rogers Park is a racially and economically mixed neighborhood in Chicago where dis-course about diversity is ubiquitous. Nearly everyone involved in politics endorses this colorful and slippery concept, as the following excerpts illustrate:
Weak-center gentrification and the contradictions of containment: Deconcentrating poverty in downtown Los Angeles
- International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
, 2010
"... This case study of recent efforts to deconcentrate poverty within the Skid Row area of Los Angeles examines processes of ‘weak-center ’ gentrification as it applies to a ‘service dependent ghetto, ’ thus filling two key gaps in prior scholarship. We document the collaboration between the government, ..."
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This case study of recent efforts to deconcentrate poverty within the Skid Row area of Los Angeles examines processes of ‘weak-center ’ gentrification as it applies to a ‘service dependent ghetto, ’ thus filling two key gaps in prior scholarship. We document the collaboration between the government, business and development interests, and certain non-profit agencies in this process and identify two key mechanisms of poverty deconcentration: housing/service displacement and the criminalization of low income residents. Following Harvey, we argue that these efforts are driven by pressures to find a ‘spatial fix ’ for capital accumulation through Downtown redevelopment. This process has been hotly contested, however, illustrating the strength of counter-pressures to gentrification/poverty deconcentration within ‘weak-center ’ urban areas.
The Fragmented Evolution of Racial Integration since the Civil Rights Movement∗
, 2015
"... This is a draft manuscript. Please contact the authors for the most recent version of the manuscript. We argue that existing studies underestimate the degree that racial change leads to residential segregation in post-Civil Rights American neighborhoods. This is because previous studies only measure ..."
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This is a draft manuscript. Please contact the authors for the most recent version of the manuscript. We argue that existing studies underestimate the degree that racial change leads to residential segregation in post-Civil Rights American neighborhoods. This is because previous studies only measure the presence of racial groups in neighborhoods, not the degree of integration among those groups. As a result, those studies do not detect gradual racial succession that ends in racially segregated neighborhoods. We demonstrate how a new approach based on growth mixture models can be used to identify patterns of racial change that distinguish between durable integration and gradual racial succession. We use this approach to identify common trajectories of neighborhood racial change among Blacks, Whites, Latinos, and Asians from 1970 to 2010 in the New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston metropolitan areas. We show that many nominally integrated neighborhoods have experienced gradual succession. For Blacks this succession has caused the gradual concentric diffusion of the ghetto while Latino and Asian growth has dispersed throughout both cities and suburbs in the metropolitan areas.
THE DREAMS ATTACHED TO PLACES C. WHITZMAN 2003 THE DREAMS ATTACHED TO PLACES: FROM SUBURB, TO SLUM, TO URBAN VILLAGE IN A TORONTO NEIGHBOURHOOD, 1875-2002
, 2003
"... I explore the relationships between successive images of a neighbourhood, social and housing conditions, and planning policy, using a longitudinal case study of one neighbourhood in Toronto. The neighbourhood, Parkdale, was developed as a politically independent suburb in the late 1870s and 1880s. A ..."
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I explore the relationships between successive images of a neighbourhood, social and housing conditions, and planning policy, using a longitudinal case study of one neighbourhood in Toronto. The neighbourhood, Parkdale, was developed as a politically independent suburb in the late 1870s and 1880s. At the time, it was described as a middle-class, residential "flowery suburb", although it was also a working class industrial community. During the early part of the 20th century, it began to be described as a declining neighbourhood at risk of "becoming a serious slum", although it continued to offer good housing conditions. By the 1970s, a third phase of image-making had begun: Parkdale began to be described as a revitalized "urban village " of historic homes, along with growing reportage as a "dumping ground " for psychiatric out-patients. The research suggests that the images of suburb, slum, and urban village used to describe Parkdale bore more of a relation to changing societal norms than social and housing conditions. However, the images had strong direct and indirect impacts on planning policy and mortgage lending, which in tum influenced social and housing conditions. The research contributes to historical and contemporary theories of neighbourhood transition, and the evolving analysis of the relationship between planning discourse and social conditions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge the excellent supervision of Professor Richard Harris, whose timely, lively, and supportive comments made the process of researching and writing this thesis such a pleasant learning experience. I would also like to thank the
unknown title
"... There is long-standing interest in predict-ing if and when less advantaged urban neighborhoods will experience upsurges in their housing prices, yet little research has investigated year-to-year neighbor hood price dynamics. The authors advance knowledge in this realm by employing anually updated, r ..."
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There is long-standing interest in predict-ing if and when less advantaged urban neighborhoods will experience upsurges in their housing prices, yet little research has investigated year-to-year neighbor hood price dynamics. The authors advance knowledge in this realm by employing anually updated, readily available indica-tors created from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and assessor’s data from Washington, D.C., census tracts for 1995 to 2005 to estimate a hazard model of the year when consistent, substantial, and sustained housing price appreciation starts in disad-vantaged neighborhoods, based on predic-tors measured one and two years in advance. The results suggest that proximity to stron-ger neighborhoods, a robust metropolitan housing market, and inflows of higher-status home buyers are key predictors of appreciation onset in disadvantaged neigh-borhoods, but replications and refinements are needed before firm generalizations about this process can be made.
unknown title
"... There is long-standing interest in predict-ing if and when less advantaged urban neighborhoods will experience upsurges in their housing prices, yet little research has investigated year-to-year neighbor hood price dynamics. The authors advance knowledge in this realm by employing anually updated, r ..."
Abstract
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There is long-standing interest in predict-ing if and when less advantaged urban neighborhoods will experience upsurges in their housing prices, yet little research has investigated year-to-year neighbor hood price dynamics. The authors advance knowledge in this realm by employing anually updated, readily available indica-tors created from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and assessor’s data from Washington, D.C., census tracts for 1995 to 2005 to estimate a hazard model of the year when consistent, substantial, and sustained housing price appreciation starts in disad-vantaged neighborhoods, based on predic-tors measured one and two years in advance. The results suggest that proximity to stron-ger neighborhoods, a robust metropolitan housing market, and inflows of higher-status home buyers are key predictors of appreciation onset in disadvantaged neigh-borhoods, but replications and refinements are needed before firm generalizations about this process can be made.
Occasional Papers Understanding Equitable Infrastructure Investment for California
, 2005
"... Technical Report series provides more information on topics discussed in chapters of the project’s major report, California 2025: Taking on the Future (Hanak and Baldassare, eds., PPIC, ..."
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Technical Report series provides more information on topics discussed in chapters of the project’s major report, California 2025: Taking on the Future (Hanak and Baldassare, eds., PPIC,
