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52
Constructing visual representations of natural scenes: The roles of short and long-term visual memory
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
, 2004
"... A “follow-the-dot ” method was used to investigate the visual memory systems supporting accumulation of object information in natural scenes. Participants fixated a series of objects in each scene, following a dot cue from object to object. Memory for the visual form of a target object was then test ..."
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Cited by 64 (10 self)
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A “follow-the-dot ” method was used to investigate the visual memory systems supporting accumulation of object information in natural scenes. Participants fixated a series of objects in each scene, following a dot cue from object to object. Memory for the visual form of a target object was then tested. Object memory was consistently superior for the two most recently fixated objects, a recency advantage indicating a visual short-term memory component to scene representation. In addition, objects examined earlier were remembered at rates well above chance, with no evidence of further forgetting when 10 objects intervened between target examination and test and only modest forgetting with 402 intervening objects. This robust prerecency performance indicates a visual long-term memory component to scene representation.
Failures of retrieval and comparison constrain change detection in natural scenes
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
, 2003
"... In a change detection paradigm, a target object in a natural scene either rotated in depth, was replaced by another object token, or remained the same. Change detection performance was reliably higher when a target postcue allowed participants to restrict retrieval and comparison processes to the ta ..."
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Cited by 49 (8 self)
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In a change detection paradigm, a target object in a natural scene either rotated in depth, was replaced by another object token, or remained the same. Change detection performance was reliably higher when a target postcue allowed participants to restrict retrieval and comparison processes to the target object (Experiment 1). Change detection performance remained excellent when the target object was not attended at change (Experiment 2) and when a concurrent verbal working memory load minimized the possibility of verbal encoding (Experiment 3). Together, these data demonstrate that visual representa-tions accumulate in memory from attended objects as the eyes and attention are oriented within a scene and that change blindness derives, at least in part, from retrieval and comparison failure. People spend most of their waking lives within environments that typically contain a great deal of visual detail and many constituent objects. The visual complexity of natural environments necessitates selective visual processing of local scene regions by movements of the eyes and attention (see Henderson & Holling-worth, 1998, 1999a).1 Figure 1 shows a typical eye movement scan pattern on a scene during 20 s of viewing. Note that the eyes
A Theory of Eye Movements During Target Acquisition
"... The gaze movements accompanying target localization were examined via human observers and a computational model (target acquisition model [TAM]). Search contexts ranged from fully realistic scenes to toys in a crib to Os and Qs, and manipulations included set size, target eccentricity, and target–di ..."
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Cited by 35 (10 self)
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The gaze movements accompanying target localization were examined via human observers and a computational model (target acquisition model [TAM]). Search contexts ranged from fully realistic scenes to toys in a crib to Os and Qs, and manipulations included set size, target eccentricity, and target–distractor similarity. Observers and the model always previewed the same targets and searched identical displays. Behavioral and simulated eye movements were analyzed for acquisition accuracy, efficiency, and target guidance. TAM’s behavior generally fell within the behavioral mean’s 95% confidence interval for all measures in each experiment/condition. This agreement suggests that a fixed-parameter model using spatiochromatic filters and a simulated retina, when driven by the correct visual routines, can be a good general-purpose predictor of human target acquisition behavior.
2008).Understanding the function of visual short-term memory: Transsaccadic memory, object correspondence, and gaze correction
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
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Cited by 30 (8 self)
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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Visual memory for natural scenes: Evidence from change detection and visual research
- Visual Cognition
, 2006
"... This paper reviews research examining the role of visual memory in scene perception and visual search. Recent theories in these literatures have held that coherent object representations in visual memory are fleeting, disintegrating upon the withdrawal of attention from an object. I discuss evidence ..."
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Cited by 29 (1 self)
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This paper reviews research examining the role of visual memory in scene perception and visual search. Recent theories in these literatures have held that coherent object representations in visual memory are fleeting, disintegrating upon the withdrawal of attention from an object. I discuss evidence demonstrating that, far from being transient, visual memory supports the accumulation of information from scores of individual objects in scenes, utilizing both visual short-term memory and visual long-term memory. In addition, I review evidence that memory for the spatial layout of a scene and memory for specific object positions can efficiently guide search within natural scenes. In the past decade, the interaction between perception and memory has received a great deal of attention from cognitive scientists. Much of this interest has originated from increased understanding that perception is a dynamic, serial process, extended over space and time. In this paper, I will discuss two related lines of research in which the relationship between perception and memory has come to the fore: Scene perception and visual
The relationship between online visual representation of a scene and long-term scene memory
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
, 2005
"... In 3 experiments the author investigated the relationship between the online visual representation of natural scenes and long-term visual memory. In a change detection task, a target object either changed or remained the same from an initial image of a natural scene to a test image. Two types of cha ..."
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Cited by 27 (8 self)
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In 3 experiments the author investigated the relationship between the online visual representation of natural scenes and long-term visual memory. In a change detection task, a target object either changed or remained the same from an initial image of a natural scene to a test image. Two types of changes were possible: rotation in depth, or replacement by another object from the same basic-level category. Change detection during online scene viewing was compared with change detection after delay of 1 trial (Experiments 2A and 2B) until the end of the study session (Experiment 1) or 24 hr (Experiment 3). There was little or no decline in change detection performance from online viewing to a delay of 1 trial or delay until the end of the session, and change detection remained well above chance after 24 hr. These results demonstrate that long-term memory for visual detail in a scene is robust. Human beings spend their lives within complex environments— offices, parks, living rooms—that typically contain scores of indi-vidual objects. All of the visual detail within a scene cannot be perceived in a single glance, as high acuity vision is limited to a relatively small, foveal region of the visual field (Riggs, 1965), so the eyes and attention are oriented serially to local scene regions to obtain high resolution, foveal information from individual objects (see Henderson & Hollingworth, 1998, for a review). Visual scene perception is therefore extended over time and space as the eyes and attention are oriented from object to object. To construct a visual representation of a scene as a whole, visual information from previously fixated and attended objects must be retained in memory and integrated with information from subsequently at-tended objects. Once constructed during viewing, how robustly are visual rep-resentations of scenes retained in memory? Early evidence from the picture memory literature suggested that visual memory for scenes exhibits exceedingly large capacity and is highly robust
Task demands control acquisition and storage of visual information
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
, 2005
"... Attention and working memory limitations set strict limits on visual representations, yet researchers have little appreciation of how these limits constrain the acquisition of information in ongoing visually guided behavior. Subjects performed a brick sorting task in a virtual environment. A change ..."
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Cited by 25 (7 self)
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Attention and working memory limitations set strict limits on visual representations, yet researchers have little appreciation of how these limits constrain the acquisition of information in ongoing visually guided behavior. Subjects performed a brick sorting task in a virtual environment. A change was made to 1 of the features of the brick being held on about 10 % of trials. Rates of change detection for feature changes were generally low and depended on the pick-up and put-down relevance of the feature to the sorting task. Subjects ’ sorting decision suggests that changes may be missed because of a failure to update the changed feature. The authors also explore how hand and eye behavior are coordinated for strategic acquisition and storage of visual information throughout the task.
Methods for comparing scanpaths and saliency maps: strengths and weaknesses.,” Behav Res Methods
, 2012
"... In this paper, we are interested in the computational modelling of visual attention. We report methods commonly used to assess the performance of these kinds of models. We survey the strengths and weaknesses of common assessment methods based on diachronic eye ..."
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Cited by 24 (5 self)
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In this paper, we are interested in the computational modelling of visual attention. We report methods commonly used to assess the performance of these kinds of models. We survey the strengths and weaknesses of common assessment methods based on diachronic eye
Accumulation and persistence of memory for natural scenes.
- Journal of Vision,
, 2006
"... Although our visual experience of the world is rich and full of detail, visual short-term memory (VSTM) can retain only about four objects at a time. Long-term memory (LTM) for pictures lasts longer but may rely on abstract gist, raising the question of how it is possible to remember details of nat ..."
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Cited by 22 (1 self)
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Although our visual experience of the world is rich and full of detail, visual short-term memory (VSTM) can retain only about four objects at a time. Long-term memory (LTM) for pictures lasts longer but may rely on abstract gist, raising the question of how it is possible to remember details of natural scenes. We studied the accumulation and persistence of memory for pictures shown for 1Y20 s. Performance in answering questions about the details of pictures increased linearly as a function of the total time that the scene was viewed. Similar gains in memory were found for items of central and marginal interest. No loss of memory was found for picture detail over a 60-s interval, even when observers performed a VSTM or reading task during the delay. Together these results suggest that our rich phenomenological experience of a detailed scene reflects the maintenance in memory of useful information about previous fixations rather than the limited capacity of VSTM.
Scene and position specificity in visual memory for objects.
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,
, 2006
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