Wireless meshnet8Ex8 (WMNs)consist of meshrout6L and meshclient8 where meshroutfix have minimal mobilit and formtr backbone of WMNs. They provide netide access for bot mesh andconvent1)fi8 clientt TheintL gratLfl of WMNs wit ot8 net8866 such as t1Int6fiPx1 cellular, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, sensor netsor1L ets can be accomplishedtccomp tc gatomp and bridging functng1 in t1 meshroutfijx Meshclient can be eit8fi st8fij1)6x or mobile, and can form aclient meshnet16S amongtng1fifiELj and wit meshroutLfifi WMNs are antLfifl1)6fl t resolvets limit18fiflfl andt significantfl improvetp performance of ad hocnetLEP8L wireless local area net1Pxx (WLANs), wireless personal areanet16fij (WPANs), and wirelessmetess1fifljfl areanet1LPS (WMANs). They are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerousdeploymentS WMNs will deliver wireless services for a largevariet ofapplicat6fifl in personal, local, campus, andmet8Lfix1)6fi areas. Despit recent advances in wireless mesh netjLfiP1)6 many research challenges remain in allprotjfiS layers. This paperpresent adetEfl81 stEonrecent advances and open research issues in WMNs. Syst1 architL881)6 andapplicat)68 of WMNs are described, followed by discussingts critssi factss influencingprotenc design.Theoret8fiL netore capacit and tdst1LLSjx tt1LL protLLSj for WMNs are exploredwit anobjectE1 t point out a number of open research issues. Finally,tnal beds,indust681 pract68 andcurrent strent actntx1) relatt t WMNs arehighlight8x # 2004 Elsevier B.V. Allrl rl KedI7-8 Wireless meshnet186flfl Ad hocnet8jEES Wireless sensornetor16fl Medium accessconts1fi Routs1 prots1fiS Transport protspor ScalabilitS Securiti Powermanagement andcontfi8fl Timingsynchronizat ion 1389-1286/$ - seefront matt # 2004 Elsevier B.V. Allright reserved. doi:10....

This work presents a communication pattern for high mobile ad hoc networks. En-passant communication uses the short interaction period of passing devices to efficiently synchronize the information of each device. This is achieved by creating peer-to-peer overlays of interest domains. Missing information is determined by exchanging profiles first. As example application UbiQuiz is presented, a mobile quiz application. It exchanges

Abstract—We consider the load balancing problem in wireless multi-hop networks. In the limit of a dense network, there is a strong separation between the macroscopic and microscopic scales, and the load balancing problem can be formulated as finding continuous curves (“routes”) between all source-destination pairs that minimize the maximum of the so-called scalar packet flux (“traffic load”). In this paper we re-formulate the problem by focusing entirely on the so-called d-flows (vector flow field of packets with a common destination x) and by looking at the equation these flows have to satisfy. The general solution to this equation can be written in terms of a single unknown scalar function, ψ(r,x), related to the circulation density of the dflow, for which function the optimization task can be presented as a problem of variational calculus. In this approach, we avoid completely dealing with systems of paths and calculating the load distribution resulting from the use of a given set of paths. Once the optimal solution for ψ(r,x) is found the corresponding paths are obtained as the flow lines of the d-flows. In the example of a unit disk with uniform traffic demands we are able to find a set of paths which is considerably better than any previously published results, yielding a low maximal scalar flux and an extraordinarily flat load distribution. We further illustrate the methodology for a unit square with comparable improvements achieved. I.

Abstract—We consider a collection of battery-operated, lowpower sensors randomly deployed within a geographic region for the purpose of sensing/monitoring the environment. We assume that a transmitting sensor broadcasts messages to receiver nodes over a randomly varying(fading) wireless channel. With the intention of maximizing overall network lifetime in such a setting, we propose a protocol that allows the receivers to sleep (power off) most of the time and turn on (activate) according to a function that depends on their link distance from the transmitter. We first derive the optimum density of link distances assuming N (fixed) nodes to be awake such that the distance to the farthest successful receiver is maximized. We then extend our analysis to networks where the number of nodes are distributed according to the Poisson distribution. In particular, we utilize this optimal density function to derive a simple expression for the conditional probability that a node turns on, given its distance from the transmitter. We also derive the minimum node density and scaling constant that meets the constraint on the average number of nodes that are awake to listen to a transmission. We compare the performance of our protocol with a simpler protocol that turns on all the nodes around the transmitter upto a certain distance. For fairness in comparison, the average number of nodes that activate is kept the same in both the protocols. I.

Abstract—Geographic face routing provides an attractive way for packet delivery in wireless networks due to its high reliability and low overhead. A good face routing protocol should provide guaranteed packet delivery and efficient routing paths. In this paper, we present a new face routing method named GFRIS that has both features by actively probing each face for the face size and the unique face identification sequence- face ID. Face switch occurs only if the outgoing edge intersects with the local minimum-destination line at a progressing location and the edge is shared between two different faces. To avoid the huge performance penalty when selecting an inefficient face traversal direction on a large face, GFRIS uses the face size to trigger the bounded face traversal procedure as proposed earlier in GOAFR+. Simulation results show that, by using face ID to assist face switch and adaptively applying the normal and bounded face traversal rules according to the face size, GFRIS achieves lower path stretch factor compared to GFG, GPSR, GFG2 and GOAFR+. The worst case performance of GFRIS is even better than that of GOAFR+ in critical node densities from 4 to 7.

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next-generation wireless networking. Because of their advantages over other wireless networks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications. However, many technical issues still exist in this field. In order to provide a better understanding of the research challenges of WMNs, this article presents a detailed investigation of current state-of-the-art protocols and algorithms for WMNs. Open research issues in all protocol layers are also discussed, with an objective to spark new research interests in this field.

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Performance Evaluation. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Performance Evaluation, vol. 66,

Abstract not found