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Regression models for categorical dependent variables using Stata. College Station: (2001)

by J S Long, J Freese
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Institutional Change in Toque Ville: Nouvelle Cuisine as an Identity Movement in French Gastronomy

by Hayagreeva Rao, Rodolphe Dur, E. M. Lyon, Chris Ansell, Paul Ingram, John Meyer, Cal Morill, John Padgett, Dick Scott, Olaf Sorenson - American Journal of Sociology , 2003
"... A challenge facing cultural-frame institutionalism is to explain how existing institutional logics and role identities are replaced by new logics and role identities. This article depicts identity movements that strive to expand individual autonomy as motors of institutional change. It proposes that ..."
Abstract - Cited by 150 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
A challenge facing cultural-frame institutionalism is to explain how existing institutional logics and role identities are replaced by new logics and role identities. This article depicts identity movements that strive to expand individual autonomy as motors of institutional change. It proposes that the sociopolitical legitimacy of activists, extent of theorization of new roles, prior defections by peers to the new logic, and gains to prior defectors act as identity-discrepant cues that induce actors to abandon traditional logics and role iden-tities for new logics and role identities. A study of how the nouvelle cuisine movement in France led elite chefs to abandon classical cuisine during the period starting from 1970 and ending in 1997 provides wide-ranging support for these arguments. Implications for research on institutional change, social movements, and social iden-tity are outlined. Institutions are composed of logics and governance structures and are produced or enacted by individuals and corporate actors (McAdam and Scott 2002). Institutional logics are the belief systems that furnish guide-1 We dedicate this article to Roland Calori of E. M. Lyon who provided support and encouragement but unfortunately passed away before seeing the article in print. We are grateful to participants at seminars at the Kellogg School of Management and Sloan School of Management for helpful advice. We also owe a debt of gratitude to
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...relaxes the proportional odds assumption and allows coefficients to vary by category level. The second was to estimate multinomial logit models. We opted for the latter because it has two advantages (=-=Long and Freese 2001-=-). First, a Hausman test allows us to test whether the number of categories influences the odds. This independence of irrelevant alternatives test is an important method of validating our categories. ...

Estimating Fully Observed Recursive Mixed-Process Models with cmp,” Working Papers 168

by David Roodman , 2009
"... At the heart of many econometric models is a linear function and a normal error. Examples include the classical small-sample linear regression model and the probit, ordered probit, multinomial probit, Tobit, interval regression, and truncated-distribution regression models. Because the normal distri ..."
Abstract - Cited by 86 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
At the heart of many econometric models is a linear function and a normal error. Examples include the classical small-sample linear regression model and the probit, ordered probit, multinomial probit, Tobit, interval regression, and truncated-distribution regression models. Because the normal distribution has a natural multidimensional generalization, such models can be combined into multi-equation systems in which the errors share a multivariate normal distribution. The literature has historically focused on multi-stage procedures for estimating mixed models, which are more efficient computationally, if less so statistically, than maximum likelihood (ML). But faster computers and simulated likelihood methods such as the Geweke, Hajivassiliou, and Keane (GHK) algorithm for estimating higher-dimensional cumulative normal distributions have made direct ML estimation practical. ML also facilitates a generalization to switching, selection, and other models in which the number and types of equations vary by observation. The Stata module cmp fits Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) models of this broad family. Its estimator is also consistent for recursive systems in which all endogenous variables appear on the right-hand-sides as observed. If all the equations are structural, then estimation is full-information maximum likelihood (FIML). If only the final stage or stages are, then it is limited-information maximum likelihood (LIML). cmp can mimic a dozen built-in Stata commands and several user-written ones. It is also appropriate for a panoply of models previously hard to estimate. Heteroskedasticity, however, can render it inconsistent. This paper explains the theory and implementation of cmp and of a related Mata function, ghk2(), that implements the GHK algorithm.

Why do firms both make and buy? An investigation of concurrent sourcing

by Anne Parmigiani - Strategic Management Journal , 2007
"... Transaction cost economics, neoclassical economics, and the firm capabilities literatures propose theories of the firm that typically depict firm boundaries determined by a dichotomous choice: the make or buy decision. However, none of these theories presents a satisfying explanation as to why firms ..."
Abstract - Cited by 43 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
Transaction cost economics, neoclassical economics, and the firm capabilities literatures propose theories of the firm that typically depict firm boundaries determined by a dichotomous choice: the make or buy decision. However, none of these theories presents a satisfying explanation as to why firms would concurrently source, i.e., simultaneously make and buy the same good. This study combines these organizational economics theories and compares when firms make, buy, and concurrently source through surveying small manufacturing firms. Support was shown for aspects of all three theories, with evidence indicating that concurrent sourcing is a distinctly different choice, rather existing along a make/buy continuum. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Introduction to Applied Bayesian Statistics and Estimation for Social Scientists

by Scott M. Lynch , 2007
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Abstract - Cited by 40 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
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Competitive tension: The awareness-motivation-capability perspective

by Ming-jer Chen, Kuo-hsien Su - Academy of Management Journal , 2007
"... This paper investigates competitive tension, or the strain between a focal firm and a given rival that is likely to result in the firm taking action against the rival. Drawing on the awareness-motivation-capability perspective, we show how perceived compet-itive tension, as constructed from managers ..."
Abstract - Cited by 32 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper investigates competitive tension, or the strain between a focal firm and a given rival that is likely to result in the firm taking action against the rival. Drawing on the awareness-motivation-capability perspective, we show how perceived compet-itive tension, as constructed from managers ’ and industry stakeholders ’ competitor assessments, is influenced by the independent and interactive effects of three factors: relative scale, rival’s attack volume, and rival’s capability to contest. Our results provide a new avenue for studying competitors and the relationship between compet-itor analysis and interfirm rivalry. In science, there is a steady state in which op-posing forces hold each other in check until the build-up of tension turns the static relationship into dynamic interplay—the point when the steel cable snaps, the steam chamber’s pressure valve opens, or one psychological force overwhelms the other. In business practice, a similar phenomenon exists: when tension that one opponent imposes on another triggers rivalrous actions. Competitor analysis is central to strategy and or-

The Effect of Loans on the Persistence and Attainment of Community College Students

by Alicia C. Dowd, Tarek Coury - Research in Higher Education , 2006
"... This study informs public policies regarding the use of subsidized loans as financial aid for community college students. Using logistic regression, it analyzes the National Center for Education Statistics ’ Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS 90/94) data to predict persistence to the second year ..."
Abstract - Cited by 31 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
This study informs public policies regarding the use of subsidized loans as financial aid for community college students. Using logistic regression, it analyzes the National Center for Education Statistics ’ Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS 90/94) data to predict persistence to the second year of college and associate’s degree attainment over five years. During the period under study, loans did not contribute to higher persistence and attainment rates. Loans are observed to have a negative effect on persistence and no effect on degree attainment. Estimates of the interaction effects of borrowing and income status are insignificant but demonstrate the need for further testing. The findings are attributed to a combination of the high uncertainty of degree completion among community college students and the negative affective component of indebtedness. KEY WORDS: community college; financial aid; loan; persistence. In 2003, while Congress debated reauthorization of the Higher
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...the change in probability of the positive predicted outcome holding other variables in the model at median and modal values, simplifies interpretation of the effects of non-linear models (Long, 1997; =-=Long and Freese, 2001-=-a, b; Peng, So, Stage, and St. John, 2002). However, the delta p only represents the magnitude of effects on students with typical characteristics. As recommended by Peng et al. (2002), to obtain resu...

Who Fights? The Determinants of Participation in Civil War

by Macartan Humphreys, Jeremy M. Weinstein - American Journal of Political Science , 2008
"... A range of seemingly rival theories attempt to explain why some individuals take extraordinary risks by choosing to participate in armed conflict. To date, however, competing accounts have typically not been grounded in systematic, empirical studies of the determinants of participation. In this arti ..."
Abstract - Cited by 31 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
A range of seemingly rival theories attempt to explain why some individuals take extraordinary risks by choosing to participate in armed conflict. To date, however, competing accounts have typically not been grounded in systematic, empirical studies of the determinants of participation. In this article, we begin to fill this gap through an examination of the determinants of participation in insurgent and counterinsurgent factions in Sierra Leone’s civil war. We find some support for all of the competing theories, suggesting that the rivalry between them is artificial and that theoretical work has insufficiently explored the interaction of various recruitment strategies. At the same time, the empirical results challenge standard interpretations of grievance-based accounts of participation, as poverty, a lack of access to education, and political alienation predict participation in both rebellion and counterrebellion. Factors that are traditionally seen as indicators of grievance or frustration may instead proxy for a more general susceptibility to engage in violent action or a greater vulnerability to political manipulation by elites. Why do some individuals take enormous risksto participate as fighters in civil war? Whatdifferentiates those who are mobilized from those who remain on the sidelines? What distinguishes those who rebel from those who fight to defend the status quo? In spite of a large literature on the topic, scholars continue to debate the conditions under which men and

Criminal careers behind bars

by Chad R. Trulson, Matt Delisi, Jonathan W. Caudill, Scott Belshaw, James W. Marquart, James W. Marquart - Behavioral Sciences and the Law , 2003
"... The online version of this article can be found at: ..."
Abstract - Cited by 30 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
The online version of this article can be found at:
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...nce exceeds the conditional mean and this leads to biased standard error estimates and ultimately misleading indications of statistical significance (Drury & DeLisi, in press; Lattimore et al., 2004; =-=Long & Freese, 2006-=-).7 The negative binomial model is also preferred to the standard Table 1. Cohort Descriptives (n 2,520) M SD Independent variables Demographic African American .35 – Hispanic .38 – White .25 – Othe...

2006) “Parties for Rent? Ambition, Ideology and Party Switching in Brazil´s Chamber of Deputies

by Scott W. Desposato - American Journal of Political Science
"... Party switching by legislators has been common in many countries, including the ..."
Abstract - Cited by 22 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Party switching by legislators has been common in many countries, including the

Using Heterogeneous Choice Models to Compare Logit and Probit Coefficients Across Groups

by Richard Williams - Sociological Methods & Research , 2009
"... Methods and Research. His current research, which has been funded by grants from the ..."
Abstract - Cited by 21 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Methods and Research. His current research, which has been funded by grants from the
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...ould be considered.sBoth Long and Freese (2006) andsWilliams (2006a) find that the assumptions of the ordered logit model are indeed violated withsthese data.sIn particular, a Brant test (Brant 1990; =-=Long and Freese 2006-=-) reveals that thesvariables yr89 and male do not meet the parallel lines assumption.sWhile this in and of itselfsdoes not necessarily mean that a heterogeneous choice model is called for, oglm‟s step...

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