We propose a method for segmentation of 3D scanned shapes into simple geometric parts. Given an input point cloud, our method computes a set of components which possess one or more slippable motions: rigid motions which, when applied to a shape, slide the transformed version against the stationary version without forming any gaps. Slippable shapes include rotationally and translationally symmetrical shapes such as planes, spheres, and cylinders, which are often found as components of scanned mechanical parts. We show how to determine the slippable motions of a given shape by computing eigenvalues of a certain symmetric matrix derived from the points and normals of the shape. Our algorithm then discovers slippable components in the input data by computing local slippage signatures at a set of points of the input and iteratively aggregating regions with matching slippable motions. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm for reverse engineering surfaces of mechanical parts.

Figure 1: A complex model (left) consisting of 108 components is analyzed and 250 intelligent wires (in green) are extracted. Editing a few wires induces a new wire configuration (in blue) and leads to the result on the right. Man-made objects are largely dominated by a few typical features that carry special characteristics and engineered meanings. Stateof-the-art deformation tools fall short at preserving such characteristic features and global structure. We introduce iWIRES, a novel approach based on the argument that man-made models can be distilled using a few special 1D wires and their mutual relations. We hypothesize that maintaining the properties of such a small number of wires allows preserving the defining characteristics of the entire object. We introduce an analyze-and-edit approach, where prior to editing, we perform a light-weight analysis of the input shape to extract a descriptive set of wires. Analyzing the individual and mutual properties of the wires, and augmenting them with geometric attributes makes them intelligent and ready to be manipulated. Editing the object by modifying the intelligent wires leads to a powerful editing framework that retains the original design intent and object characteristics. We show numerous results of manipulation of man-made shapes using our editing technique.

The authors are developing an automated reverse engineering system for reconstructing the shape of simple mechanical parts. B-rep models are created by fitting surfaces to point clouds obtained by scanning an object using a 3D laser scanner. The resulting models, although valid, are often not suitable for purposes such as redesign because expected regularities and constraints are not present. This information is lost because each face of the model is determined independently. A global approach is required, in particular one that is capable of finding symmetries originally present. This paper describes a practical algorithm for finding global symmetries in suitable B-rep models built from planes, spheres, cylinders, cones and tori. It has been implemented and used to determine approximate symmetries of models with up to about 200 vertices in reasonable time. The time performance of the algorithm in the worst case is bounded by O(n^3.5 log^4 n), and a justification is given that on common engineering objects it takes about O(n^2 log^4 n), making it a practical tool for use in a reverse engineering package. Details of the algorithm are given, along with some results from a number of illustrative test runs.

Boundary representation models reconstructed from 3D range data suffer from various inaccuracies caused by noise in the data and the model building software. The quality of such models can be improved in a beautification step, which finds regular geometric patterns approximately present in the model and imposes a maximal consistent subset of constraints deduced from these patterns on the model. This paper presents analysis methods seeking geometric patterns defined by similarities. Their specific types are derived from a part survey estimating the frequencies of the patterns in simple mechanical components. The methods seek clusters of similar objects which describe properties of faces, loops, edges and vertices, try to find special values representing the clusters, and seek approximate symmetries of the model. Experiments show that the patterns detected appear to be suitable for the subsequent beautification steps.

Boundary representation models reconstructed from 3D range data suffer from various inaccuracies caused by noise in the data and the model building software. Such models can be improved in a beautification step, which finds geometric regularities approximately present in the model and imposes a consistent subset of them on the model. Methods to select regularities consistently such that they are likely to represent the original, ideal design intent are presented. Efficiency during selection is achieved by considering degrees of freedom to analyse the solvability of constraint systems representing the regularities (without actually solving them). Priorities are used to select regularities in case of inconsistencies. The selected set of constraints is solved numerically and an improved model is rebuild from the solution. Experiments show that the presented methods can beautify models by selecting consistent regularities and enforcing major intended regularities.

When dealing with triangle meshes, it is often important to compute curvature information for the purposes of feature recognition, segmentation, or shape analysis. Since a triangle mesh is a piecewise linear surface, curvature has to be estimated. Several different schemes have been proposed, both discrete and continuous i.e. based on fitting surfaces locally. This paper compares commonly used discrete and continuous curvature estimation schemes. We also present a novel method which uses biquadratic Bézier patches as a local surface fitting technique. 1

This paper considers simultaneous fitting of multiple curves and surfaces to 3D measured data captured as part of a reverse engineering process, where constraints exist between the parameters of the curves or surfaces. Enforcing such constraints may be necessary (i) to produce models to su#ciently accurate tolerances for import into a CAD system, and (ii) to produce models which successfully reproduce regularities and symmetries required by engineering applications.

Figure 1: Resizing a clock model (267 connected components): Standard non-uniform scale distorts the shape of parts of the model, e.g. the dial (b). Our approach resizes the clock in a more natural manner protecting its shape (c). (d) and (e) show part of the protective grid before and after resizing. Resizing of 3D models can be very useful when creating new models or placing models inside different scenes. However, uniform scaling is limited in its applicability while straightforward nonuniform scaling can destroy features and lead to serious visual artifacts. Our goal is to define a method that protects model features and structures during resizing. We observe that typically, during scaling some parts of the models are more vulnerable than others, undergoing undesirable deformation. We automatically detect vulnerable regions and carry this information to a protective grid defined around the object, defining a vulnerability map. The 3D model is then resized by a space-deformation technique which scales the grid non-homogeneously while respecting this map. Using space-deformation allows processing of common models of man-made objects that consist of multiple components and contain non-manifold structures. We show that our technique resizes models while suppressing undesirable distortion, creating models that preserve the structure and features of the original ones.

Figure 1: Reconstruction of the fandisk model. Orange color signifies completed surface parts. (a) The input point-cloud with holes (b) Final result (c) Result without the connectivity enforcement algorithm of Sec. 5. The disconnected primitive highlighted in red cuts off part of the model. (d) Close-up views of result without consistent edge labels and final result (see Sec. 7) We consider the problem of reconstruction from incomplete point-clouds. To find a closed mesh the reconstruction is guided by a set of primitive shapes which has been detected on the input point-cloud (e.g. planes, cylinders etc.). With this guidance we not only continue the surrounding structure into the holes but also synthesize plausible edges and corners from the primitives ’ intersections. To this end we give a surface energy functional that incorporates the primitive shapes in a guiding vector field. The discretized functional can be minimized with an efficient graphcut algorithm. A novel greedy optimization strategy is proposed to minimize the functional under the constraint that surface parts corresponding to a given primitive must be connected. From the primitive shapes our method can also reconstruct an idealized model that is suitable for use in a CAD system. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): Computer Graphics [I.3.5]: Curve, surface, solid, and object representations— 1.

Abstract not found