In this article we continue to explore the notion of Rota-Baxter algebras in the context of the Hopf algebraic approach to renormalization theory in perturbative quantum field theory. We show in very simple algebraic terms that the solutions of the recursively defined formulae for the Birkhoff factorization of regularized Hopf algebra characters, i.e. Feynman rules, naturally give a non-commutative generalization of the well-known Spitzer’s identity. The underlying abstract algebraic structure is analyzed in terms of complete filtered Rota-Baxter algebras. Keywords: Rota-Baxter algebras, Spitzer’s identity, Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula, Bogoliubov’s recursion, renormalization theory, Hopf algebra of graphs, Birkhoff decomposition.

This manuscript collects and expands for the most part a series of lectures on the interface between combinatorial Hopf algebra theory (CHAT) and renormalization theory, delivered by the second-named author in the framework of the joint mathematical physics seminar of the Universités d’Artois and Lille 1, from late January till mid-February 2003. The plan is as follows: Section 1 is the introduction, and Section 2 contains an elementary invitation to the subject. Sections 3–7 are devoted to the basics of Hopf algebra theory and examples, in ascending level of complexity. Section 8 contains a first, direct approach to the Faà di Bruno Hopf algebra. Section 9 gives applications of that to quantum field theory and Lagrange reversion. Section 10 rederives the Connes– Moscovici algebras. In Section 11 we turn to Hopf algebras of Feynman graphs. Then in Section 12 we give an extremely simple derivation of (the properly combinatorial part of) Zimmermann’s method, in its original diagrammatic form. In Section 13 general incidence algebras are introduced. In the next section the Faà di Bruno bialgebras

We extend the results we obtained in an earlier work [1]. The cocommutative case of ladders is generalized to a full Hopf algebra of (decorated) rooted trees. For Hopf algebra characters with target space of Rota-Baxter type, the Birkhoff decomposition of renormalization theory is derived by using the Rota-Baxter double construction, respectively Atkinson’s theorem. We also outline the extension to the Hopf algebra of Feynman graphs via decorated rooted trees.

Abstract. Recently, the theory of renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory underwent some exciting new developments. Kreimer discovered an organization of Feynman graphs into combinatorial Hopf algebras. The process of renormalization is captured by a factorization theorem for regularized Hopf algebra characters. In this context the notion of Rota–Baxter algebras enters the scene. We review several aspects of Rota–Baxter algebras as they appear in other sectors also relevant to perturbative renormalization, for instance multiple-zeta-values and matrix differential equations.

Abstract. Multiple zeta values (MZVs) in the usual sense are the special values of multiple variable zeta functions at positive integers. Their extensive studies are important in both mathematics and physics with broad connections and applications. In contrast, very little is known about the special values of multiple zeta functions at non-positive integers since the values are usually singular. We define and study multiple zeta functions at integer values by adapting methods of renormalization from quantum field theory, and following the Hopf algebra approach of Connes and Kreimer. This definition of renormalized MZVs agrees with the convergent MZVs and extends the work of Ihara-Kaneko-Zagier on renormalization of MZVs with positive arguments. We further show that the important

Krattenaler (BFK) in the context of non-commutative Lagrange inversion can be identified with the inverse of the incidence algebra of N-colored interval partitions. The (BFK) antipode and its reflection determine the (generally distinct) left and right inverses of power series with non-commuting coefficients and N non-commuting variables. As in the case of the Faà di Bruno Hopf algebra, there is an analogue of the Zimmermann cancellation formula. The summands of the (BFK) antipode can indexed by the depth first ordering of vertices on contracted planar trees, and the same applies to the interval partition antipode. Both can also be indexed by the breadth first ordering of vertices in the non-order contractible planar trees in which precisely one non-degenerate vertex occurs on each level. 1.

Abstract not found

Abstract. Motivated by recent work of Connes and Marcolli, based on the Connes– Kreimer approach to renormalization, we augment the latter by a combinatorial, Lie algebraic point of view. Our results rely both on the properties of the Dynkin idempotent, one of the fundamental Lie idempotents in the theory of free Lie algebras, and on the fine properties of Hopf algebras and their associated descent algebras. Besides leading very directly to proofs of the main combinatorial properties of the renormalization procedures, the new techniques do not depend on the geometry underlying the particular case of dimensional regularization and the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence. This is illustrated with a discussion of the BPHZ renormalization scheme.

Abstract. In this paper we shall define the renormalization of the multiple q-zeta values (MqZV) which are special values of multiple q-zeta functions ζq(s1,...,sd) when the arguments are all positive integers or all non-positive integers. This generalizes the work of Guo and Zhang [12] on the renormalization of Euler-Zagier multiple zeta values. We show that our renormalization process produces the same values if the MqZVs are well-defined originally and that these renormalizations of MqZV satisfy the q-stuffle relations if we use shifted-renormalizations for all divergent ζq(s1,..., sd) (i.e., s1 ≤ 1). Moreover, when q ↑ 1 our renormalizations agree with those of Guo and Zhang.

Abstract. In the Hopf algebra approach of Connes and Kreimer on renormalization of quantum field theory, the renormalization process is viewed as a special case of the Algebraic Birkhoff Decomposition. We give a differential algebra variation of this decomposition and apply this to the study of multiple zeta values. 1.