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Organizing Continuous Product Development and Commercialization: The Collaborative Community of Firms Model
- Journal of Product Innovation Management, Winter 2010. 170 7
, 2010
"... The increased importance of knowledge creation and use to firms ’ global competitiveness has spawned considerable experimentation with organizational designs for product development and commercialization over the last three decades. This paper discusses innovation-related organizational design devel ..."
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The increased importance of knowledge creation and use to firms ’ global competitiveness has spawned considerable experimentation with organizational designs for product development and commercialization over the last three decades. This paper discusses innovation-related organizational design developments during this period, showing how firms have moved from stand-alone organizations to multifirm network organizations to community-based organizational designs. The collaborative community of firms model, the most recent organizational design in this evolutionary process, is described in detail. Blade.org, a purposefully designed collaborative community of firms dedicated to the continuous development and commercialization of blade servers, a computer technology with large but unforeseeable market potential, is used as an illustrative case. Blade.org’s organizational design combines a community ‘‘commons’ ’ for the collective development and sharing of knowledge among member firms with explicit institutional mechanisms for the support of direct intermember collaboration. These design elements are used to overcome the challenges associated with (1) concurrent technological and market experimentation and (2) the dynamic coordination of a complex emergent system of hardware, software, and services provided by otherwise independent firms. To date, Blade.org has developed more than 60 new products, providing strong evidence of the innovation prowess of the collaborative community of firms organizational model. Based on an analysis of the evolution of organizational designs and the case of Blade.org, implications for innovation management theory and practice are derived.
Measuring the Impact of Organizational Social Web Site Usage on Work Performance: A Multilevel Model
- In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS
, 2011
"... This paper describes the development of a multilevel model for investigating the impact of organizational social web site (SWS) usage on individual and team performance. Despite the SWS focus on collective phenomena – such as crowd sourcing and collective intelligence – previous research on SWS usag ..."
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This paper describes the development of a multilevel model for investigating the impact of organizational social web site (SWS) usage on individual and team performance. Despite the SWS focus on collective phenomena – such as crowd sourcing and collective intelligence – previous research on SWS usage in general does not investigate it as a multilevel phenomenon. Our paper addresses this gap by drawing on existing guidelines for multilevel theorizing. We thus propose that SWS usage impacts individual and team performance through its improved collaboration capabilities. Organizational learning and social capital theories serve as the theoretical foundation. Ultimately, we present a multilevel model as the foundation for future empirical research on SWS usage’s impact on individual and team performance. Our research’s contribution lies in the theoretical derivation of a multilevel model.
Achieving contextual ambidexterity in R&D organizations: a management control system approach
- R&D Management
, 2011
"... Research on how managers control R&D activities has tended to focus on the performance measurement systems used to exploit existing knowledge and capabilities. This focus has been at the expense of how broader forms of management control could be used to enable R&D contextual ambidexterity, ..."
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Research on how managers control R&D activities has tended to focus on the performance measurement systems used to exploit existing knowledge and capabilities. This focus has been at the expense of how broader forms of management control could be used to enable R&D contextual ambidexterity, the capacity to attain appropriate levels of exploitation and exploration behaviors in the same R&D organizational unit. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for understanding how different types of control system, guided by different R&D strategic goals, can be used to induce and balance both exploitation and exploration. We illustrate the elements of this framework and their relations using data from biotechnology firms, and then discuss how the framework provides a basis to empirically examine a number of important control relationships and phenomena. 1.
How Useful Are the Strategic Tools We Teach in Business Schools?
"... ABSTRACT Strategic tools are indispensible for business and competitive analysis. Yet we know very little about managers ’ internal logic as they put these tools into practical use. We situate our study in a business school context using action learning prior to the manifestation of practice to comp ..."
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ABSTRACT Strategic tools are indispensible for business and competitive analysis. Yet we know very little about managers ’ internal logic as they put these tools into practical use. We situate our study in a business school context using action learning prior to the manifestation of practice to complement our understanding of practice. Using Personal Construct Theory and Repertory Grids, our mid-range theorizing showed that, contrary to current thinking about strategic tools, managers think in dualities (often paradoxically) and have a preference for multiple-tools-in-use, tools that provide different perspectives, peripheral vision, connected thinking, simultaneously help differentiate and integrate complex issues, and guide the thinking process. These findings are important for designing better tools and the nurturing of critical managerial competencies needed for a complicated world. Our study’s focus also has wider implications for scholars as we see our own material evaluated by those who will put these lessons into practice.
“We Are Always After That Balance ” – Managing Innovation in the New Digital Media Industries
"... The pressure to innovate is growing as technology cycles change more rapidly. Organisations need to balance exploration and exploitation effectively if they are to heed the innovation imperative. Organisational ambidexterity is proposed as a means to achieve such balance with structural or contextua ..."
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The pressure to innovate is growing as technology cycles change more rapidly. Organisations need to balance exploration and exploitation effectively if they are to heed the innovation imperative. Organisational ambidexterity is proposed as a means to achieve such balance with structural or contextual ambidexterity as possible choices. Yet how organisations become ambidextrous is an as yet under-researched area, and different industry sectors may pose different innovation challenges. Using the case study method, this paper examines how a computer games company responds to an industryspecific innovation challenge and how it endeavours to balance exploration and exploitation. The findings suggest that ambidexterity is difficult to achieve, and is fraught with organisational tensions which might eventually jeopardise the innovation potential of a company. The paper suggests that more qualitative research is needed to further our understanding of innovation challenges, innovation management and organisational ambidexterity. Key words: ambidexterity: innovation management; creative organisation; exploration and exploitation. 1
Organising servitization: an in-depth case study
, 2012
"... Transitioning towards service provision has been suggested as an advisable strategy for manufacturers responding to price competition. Servitization refers to the transition process of adding services into a goods-based offering, where the importance lies in the relationship between the corporation ..."
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Transitioning towards service provision has been suggested as an advisable strategy for manufacturers responding to price competition. Servitization refers to the transition process of adding services into a goods-based offering, where the importance lies in the relationship between the corporation and the customer. Instead of viewing services and goods from a traditional point of view, servitizing companies offer bundles of products and services. This paper identifies the structural changes that are needed when a manufacturer seeks to increase its service provision. Using a longitudinal case study design, we explored the organisational changes that took place as a manufacturer shifted to service provision. The paper illustrates how different organisational tensions emerged during the shift to services and how the service teams self-organised in response to these tensions, in advance of management’s decision to re-organise.
AMBIDEXTROUS IS STRATEGY: THE DYNAMIC BALANCING ACT OF DEVELOPING A ‘TRANSFORM & MERGE ’ STRATEGY IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY
"... Motivated by the lack of empirical IS strategy research in the M&A problem domain, in this paper we present a revelatory case study of a 7-year-long organizational balancing act of searching for the right information systems (IS) strategy in the pre-deal phase of a bank merger. Our case study is ..."
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Motivated by the lack of empirical IS strategy research in the M&A problem domain, in this paper we present a revelatory case study of a 7-year-long organizational balancing act of searching for the right information systems (IS) strategy in the pre-deal phase of a bank merger. Our case study is about simultaneous IT-driven organizational transformation and merger-driven integration, providing us with a fertile ground to study the development and evolution of ambidextrous IS strategies, which are underresearched. Based on the theoretical insights that emerge from our case study, we extend Chen et al.’s (2010) IS strategy typology and propose three different archetypes of IS ambidextrous strategy. Further theoretical insights relate to the required organizational capabilities for the successful implementation of IS ambidextrous strategies as well as the co-evolutionary interplay between business and IT units in that process. Future research should empirically test the IS ambidextrous strategy archetypes proposed in this paper as well as the associated findings.
EXTENDING THE IS STRATEGY TYPOLOGY: AN ASSESSMENT OF STRATEGY IMPACTS ON CAPABILITIES DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE
"... A typology of IS strategy has recently been forwarded in the literature in which IS strategy is categorized into three types: Innovative, Conservative, and Undefined. But more recent investigations in IS found that when firms attempt to take an ambidextrous approach, to some degree exhibiting both m ..."
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A typology of IS strategy has recently been forwarded in the literature in which IS strategy is categorized into three types: Innovative, Conservative, and Undefined. But more recent investigations in IS found that when firms attempt to take an ambidextrous approach, to some degree exhibiting both moderately innovative and conservative strategy behaviors, firms tend to perform equally well or better than those implementing predominately a single approach. Therefore, this paper proposes an extension to the existing typology by including a fourth strategy—IS Ambidextrous. It contributes by operationalizing and testing the extended typology in a model that assesses IS strategies ’ impacts on dynamic capabilities development and ultimately on performance. It is found that, in practice, a substantially high percentage of firms strive to be ambidextrous and that this approach to IS is a rewarding strategy and by no means inferior to any of the other IS approaches in the typology.
JUGGLING PARADOXICAL STRATEGIES: THE EMERGENT ROLE OF IT CAPABILITIES
"... The simultaneous pursuit of paradoxical strategies is an emergent means of attaining competitive advantage. By nature, exploration and exploitation are fundamentally different, inconsistent and contradictory, thus reflecting an instance of organizational ambidexterity. We assert that IT capabilities ..."
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The simultaneous pursuit of paradoxical strategies is an emergent means of attaining competitive advantage. By nature, exploration and exploitation are fundamentally different, inconsistent and contradictory, thus reflecting an instance of organizational ambidexterity. We assert that IT capabilities act through different mechanisms to influence ambidexterity. To test our model, we selected to gather data from 352 manufacturing firms in high growth sectors in India – a setting that provides an exemplar for the world’s enterprises undergoing rapid changes in the 21st century. Through OLS analysis we find strong support for our assertion that an organization’s IT capabilities individually and jointly influence organizational ambidexterity, hitherto a challenging competitive possibility. We are thus also able to account for previously unexplained variance in IT payoffs in the emerging economy and small and medium enterprise contexts. Overall, through this research, we validate the emergent role of IT capabilities in juggling paradoxical strategies in the 21st century.
Michael Tushman, Harvard Business School (editor)
"... est la revue officielle de l’AIMS ..."
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