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70
Limiting the Spread of Misinformation in Social Networks
"... In this work, we study the notion of competing campaigns in a social network. By modeling the spread of influence in the presence of competing campaigns, we provide necessary tools for applications such as emergency response where the goal is to limit the spread of misinformation. We study the probl ..."
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Cited by 53 (2 self)
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In this work, we study the notion of competing campaigns in a social network. By modeling the spread of influence in the presence of competing campaigns, we provide necessary tools for applications such as emergency response where the goal is to limit the spread of misinformation. We study the problem of influence limitation where a “bad ” campaign starts propagating from a certain node in the network and use the notion of limiting campaigns to counteract the effect of misinformation. The problem can be summarized as identifying a subset of individuals that need to be convinced to adopt the competing (or “good”) campaign so as to minimize the number of people that adopt the “bad ” campaign at the end of both propagation processes. We show that this optimization problem is NP-hard and provide approximation guarantees for a greedy solution for various definitions of this problem by proving that they are submodular. Although the greedy algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm, for today’s large scale social networks even this solution is computationally very expensive. Therefore, we study the performance of the degree centrality heuristic as well as other heuristics that have implications on our specific problem. The experiments on a number of close-knit regional networks obtained from the Facebook social network show that in most cases inexpensive heuristics do in fact compare well with the greedy approach.
CELF++: Optimizing the greedy algorithm for influence maximization in social networks
- In Proceedings of the 19th International World Wide Web Conference
, 2011
"... Kempe et al. [4] (KKT) showed the problem of influence maximization is NP-hard and a simple greedy algorithm guarantees the best possible approximation factor in PTIME. However, it has two major sources of inefficiency. First, finding the expected spread of a node set is #P-hard. Second, the basic g ..."
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Cited by 35 (2 self)
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Kempe et al. [4] (KKT) showed the problem of influence maximization is NP-hard and a simple greedy algorithm guarantees the best possible approximation factor in PTIME. However, it has two major sources of inefficiency. First, finding the expected spread of a node set is #P-hard. Second, the basic greedy algorithm is quadratic in the number of nodes. The first source is tackled by estimating the spread using Monte Carlo simulation or by using heuristics [4, 6, 2, 5, 1, 3]. Leskovec et al. [6] proposed the CELF algorithm for tackling the second. In this work, we propose CELF++ and empirically show that it is 35-55 % faster than CELF.
Influence Maximization in Social Networks When Negative Opinions May Emerge and Propagate
"... Influence maximization, defined by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), is the problem of finding a small set of seed nodes in a social network that maximizes the spread of influence under certain influence cascade models. In this paper, we propose an extension to the independent cascade model that ..."
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Cited by 27 (6 self)
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Influence maximization, defined by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), is the problem of finding a small set of seed nodes in a social network that maximizes the spread of influence under certain influence cascade models. In this paper, we propose an extension to the independent cascade model that incorporates the emergence and propagation of negative opinions. The new model has an explicit parameter called quality factor to model the natural behavior of people turning negative to a product due to product defects. Our model incorporates negativity bias (negative opinions usually dominate over positive opinions) commonly acknowledged in the social psychology literature. The model maintains some nice properties such as submodularity, which allows a greedy approximation algorithm for maximizing positive influence within a ratio of 1 − 1/e. We define a quality sensitivity ratio (qs-ratio) of influence graphs and show a tight bound of Θ ( √ n/k) on the qs-ratio, where n is the number of nodes in the network and k is the number of seeds selected, which indicates that seed selection is sensitive to the quality factor for general graphs. We design an efficient algorithm to compute influence in tree structures, which is nontrivial due to the negativity bias in the model. We use this algorithm as the core to build a heuristic algorithm for influence maximization for general graphs. Through simulations, we show that our heuristic algorithm has matching influence with a standard greedy approximation algorithm while being orders of magnitude faster.
Sparsification of Influence Networks
"... We present Spine, an efficient algorithm for finding the “backbone ” of an influence network. Given a social graph and a log of past propagations, we build an instance of the independent-cascade model that describes the propagations. We aim at reducing the complexity of that model, while preserving ..."
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Cited by 25 (6 self)
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We present Spine, an efficient algorithm for finding the “backbone ” of an influence network. Given a social graph and a log of past propagations, we build an instance of the independent-cascade model that describes the propagations. We aim at reducing the complexity of that model, while preserving most of its accuracy in describing the data. We show that the problem is inapproximable and we presentanoptimal, dynamic-programmingalgorithm,whose search space, albeit exponential, is typically much smaller than that of the brute force, exhaustive-search approach. Seeking a practical, scalable approach to sparsification, we devise Spine, a greedy, efficient algorithm with practically little compromise in quality. We claim that sparsification is a fundamental datareduction operation with many applications, ranging from visualization to exploratory and descriptive data analysis. As a proof of concept, we use Spine on real-world datasets, revealing the backbone of their influence-propagation networks. Moreover, we apply Spine as a pre-processing step for the influence-maximization problem, showing that computations on sparsified models give up little accuracy, but yield significant improvements in terms of scalability.
Influence Blocking Maximization in Social Networks under the Competitive Linear Threshold Model
"... In many real-world situations, different and often opposite opinions, innovations, or products are competing with one another for their social influence in a networked society. In this paper, we study competitive influence propagation in social networks under the competitive linear threshold (CLT) m ..."
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Cited by 23 (4 self)
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In many real-world situations, different and often opposite opinions, innovations, or products are competing with one another for their social influence in a networked society. In this paper, we study competitive influence propagation in social networks under the competitive linear threshold (CLT) model, an extension to the classic linear threshold model. Under the CLT model, we focus on the problem that one entity tries to block the influence propagation of its competing entity as much as possible by strategically selecting a number of seed nodes that could initiate its own influence propagation. We call this problem the influence blocking maximization (IBM) problem. We prove that the objective function of IBM in the CLT model is submodular, and thus a greedy algorithm could achieve 1−1/e approximation ratio. However, the greedy algorithm requires Monte-Carlo simulations of competitive influence propagation, which makes the algorithm not efficient. We design an efficient algorithm CLDAG, which utilizes the properties of the CLT model, to address this issue. We conduct extensive simulations of CLDAG, the greedy algorithm, and other baseline algorithms on real-world and synthetic datasets. Our results show that CLDAG is able to provide best accuracy in par with the greedy algorithm and often better than other algorithms, while it is two orders of magnitude faster than the greedy algorithm.
Scalable influence estimation in continuous-time diffusion networks
- In
, 2013
"... If a piece of information is released from a media site, can we predict whether it may spread to one million web pages, in a month? This influence estimation problem is very challenging since both the time-sensitive nature of the task and the requirement of scalability need to be addressed simultane ..."
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Cited by 21 (6 self)
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If a piece of information is released from a media site, can we predict whether it may spread to one million web pages, in a month? This influence estimation problem is very challenging since both the time-sensitive nature of the task and the requirement of scalability need to be addressed simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a randomized algorithm for influence estimation in continuous-time diffusion networks. Our algorithm can estimate the influence of every node in a network with |V | nodes and |E | edges to an accuracy of using n = O(1/2) randomizations and up to logarithmic factorsO(n|E|+n|V|) computations. When used as a subroutine in a greedy influence maximization approach, our proposed algorithm is guaranteed to find a set of C nodes with the influence of at least (1 − 1/e) OPT−2C, where OPT is the optimal value. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data show that the proposed algorithm can easily scale up to networks of millions of nodes while significantly improves over previous state-of-the-arts in terms of the accuracy of the estimated influence and the quality of the selected nodes in maximizing the influence. 1
Simpath: An efficient algorithm for influence maximization under the linear threshold model
- In Data Mining (ICDM), 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on
, 2011
"... Abstract—There is significant current interest in the problem of influence maximization: given a directed social network with influence weights on edges and a number k, find k seed nodes such that activating them leads to the maximum expected number of activated nodes, according to a propagation mod ..."
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Cited by 19 (3 self)
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Abstract—There is significant current interest in the problem of influence maximization: given a directed social network with influence weights on edges and a number k, find k seed nodes such that activating them leads to the maximum expected number of activated nodes, according to a propagation model. Kempe et al. [1] showed, among other things, that under the Linear Threshold model, the problem is NP-hard, and that a simple greedy algorithm guarantees the best possible approximation factor in PTIME. However, this algorithm suffers from vari-ous major performance drawbacks. In this paper, we propose SIMPATH, an efficient and effective algorithm for influence maximization under the linear threshold model that addresses these drawbacks by incorporating several clever optimizations. Through a comprehensive performance study on four real data sets, we show that SIMPATH consistently outperforms the state of the art w.r.t. running time, memory consumption and the quality of the seed set chosen, measured in terms of expected influence spread achieved.
Time-Critical Influence Maximization in Social Networks with Time-Delayed Diffusion Process
"... Influence maximization is a problem of finding a small set of highly influential users in a social network such that the spread of influence under certain propagation models is maximized. In this paper, we consider time-critical influence maximization, in which one wants to maximize influence spread ..."
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Cited by 16 (1 self)
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Influence maximization is a problem of finding a small set of highly influential users in a social network such that the spread of influence under certain propagation models is maximized. In this paper, we consider time-critical influence maximization, in which one wants to maximize influence spread within a given deadline. Since timing is considered in the optimization, we also extend the Independent Cascade (IC) model to incorporate the time delay aspect of influence diffusion in social networks. We show that time-critical influence maximization under the time-delayed IC model maintains desired properties such as submodularity, which allows a greedy algorithm to achieve an approximation ratio of 1 − 1/e, to circumvent the NP-hardness of the problem. To overcome the inefficiency of the approximation algorithm, we design two heuristic algorithms: the first one is based on a dynamic programming procedure that computes exact influence in tree structures, while the second one converts the problem to one in the original IC model and then applies existing fast heuristics to it. Our simulation results demonstrate that our heuristics achieve the same level of influence spread as the greedy algorithm while running a few orders of magnitude faster, and they also outperform existing algorithms that disregard the deadline constraint and delays in diffusion. 1
IRIE: Scalable and Robust Influence Maximization in Social Networks
"... Abstract—Influence maximization is the problem of selecting top k seed nodes in a social network to maximize their influence coverage under certain influence diffusion models. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm IRIE that integrates the advantages of influence ranking (IR) and influence esti ..."
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Cited by 14 (1 self)
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Abstract—Influence maximization is the problem of selecting top k seed nodes in a social network to maximize their influence coverage under certain influence diffusion models. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm IRIE that integrates the advantages of influence ranking (IR) and influence estimation (IE) methods for influence maximization in both the independent cascade (IC) model and its extension IC-N that incorporates negative opinion propagations. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that IRIE matches the influence coverage of other algorithms while scales much better than all other algorithms. Moreover IRIE is much more robust and stable than other algorithms both in running time and memory usage for various density of networks and cascade size. It runs up to two orders of magnitude faster than other state-of-theart algorithms such as PMIA for large networks with tens of millions of nodes and edges, while using only a fraction of memory. Keywords-social network mining, social network analysis, influence maximization, independent cascade model, viral marketing I.
