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35
The firm size distribution across countries and skill-biased change
- in entrepreneurial technology’, CIREQ Working Paper
, 2011
"... (ii) development of ..."
Where does regulation hurt? Evidence from new businesses across countries
, 2008
"... We use two micro datasets that collect harmonized data across countries to investigate the effects of regulation on new businesses. We are able to distinguish between two types of entrepreneurs: those who start a business to pursue a business opportunity and those who could not find better work. Irr ..."
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We use two micro datasets that collect harmonized data across countries to investigate the effects of regulation on new businesses. We are able to distinguish between two types of entrepreneurs: those who start a business to pursue a business opportunity and those who could not find better work. Irrespective of the measure of regulation we use, we always find a detrimental effect of regulation on new businesses. While women are overall less likely to start new businesses, in more regulated countries women are pulled into entrepreneurship but not to pursue a business opportunity, only because they could not find better work. Moreover, regulation dampens the effects of self-assessed business skills and social networks. In more regulated economies, those with better business skills and those who know other entrepreneurs are less likely to become entrepreneurs to purse a business opportunity. Tighter regulation also exacerbates fear of failure, further discouraging business start-up. All our estimates point to a negative effect of regulation. 1
Local industrial structures and female entrepreneurship in India
, 2013
"... doi:10.1093/jeg/lbt004 ..."
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION IN A HYBRID POLITICAL ORDER: THE CASE OF LEBANON
, 2012
"... Governance is often treated as a ‘black box ’ explanation for unproductive or destructive entrepreneurship. In order to improve our understanding of how governance structures influence entrepreneurship and innovation it is instructive to consider how entrepreneurs function in so-called hybrid politi ..."
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Governance is often treated as a ‘black box ’ explanation for unproductive or destructive entrepreneurship. In order to improve our understanding of how governance structures influence entrepreneurship and innovation it is instructive to consider how entrepreneurs function in so-called hybrid political orders. Lebanon is such a hybrid political order in which a dual game of informal clientelism and formal programmatic competition shapes entrepreneurship. In this paper I provide an exploratory overview of the governance-entrepreneurship nexus in Lebanon. It is argued that although Lebanese entrepreneurial attitudes appear to be very positive, entrepreneurial activity seems to be adversely impacted by governance challenges and entrepreneurial aspiration is severely underdeveloped. In-depth interviews with Lebanese experts show that Lebanese entrepreneurs still face significant obstacles, often related to the political context and system. These include: the high costs of utilities and infrastructure; poor government support and a lack of political vision for the economy; and instability and unpredictability related to violent conflict that make investment and planning difficult and foster a short-term, migration-focused mentality. Lebanese entrepreneurs respond to these challenges by operating as independent from government as they can;
Joint Determination of Product and Labor Market Policies in a Model of Rent Creation and Division PRELIMINARY: PLEASE CONTACT THE AUTHORS BEFORE CITING
, 2009
"... We find that, across OECD countries, there is a strong link between the rate of self employment and the intensity of both product- and labor-market regulations. The sensitivity of the self-employment rate to regulation appears greater in terms of statistical significance and magnitude than the sensi ..."
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We find that, across OECD countries, there is a strong link between the rate of self employment and the intensity of both product- and labor-market regulations. The sensitivity of the self-employment rate to regulation appears greater in terms of statistical significance and magnitude than the sensitivity of unemployment. We then develop a model of rent creation and division featuring product and labor market policies. The calibrated model accounts broadly for these features of the data. We also use the model to look at the effect of labor market and product market regulations on the different constituencies in the economy.
Factors associated with condom use among male college students in
- Plos ONE T (12): e
, 2012
"... Background: Using condoms consistently could prevent unintended pregnancy among young people. This study highlights multiple domains of inuence on condom use among male college students in China, including knowledge, attitudes, health services utility on condom use and reproductive health informatio ..."
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Background: Using condoms consistently could prevent unintended pregnancy among young people. This study highlights multiple domains of inuence on condom use among male college students in China, including knowledge, attitudes, health services utility on condom use and reproductive health information sources. Methodology/Principal Findings: To identify factors associated with condom use in Chinese male college students, we examined a sample of 870 sexually experienced male students in seven colleges in Wuhan, China, 2009. 535 (61.5%) of 870 male students reported condom use during their most recent sexual encounter. Male students with steady partners were more likely to use condoms than students with casual partners (adjusted OR = 3.11, 95%CI 2.30–4.20). And positive attitudes toward contraceptive responsibility were associated with greater odds of condom use (adjusted OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.02– 1.92). Only 54(6.2%) and 83(9.5%) of respondents reported that free condoms and reproductive health counseling were available at the student health center. Providing free condoms and reproductive health counseling at the student health central were associated with increased condom use among college students (both P,0.05). In addition, students who gained reproductive health information mainly through websites, television and radio programs were more likely to use condoms than through school education (all P,0.05). Conclusions: Improving attitudes of male students toward contraceptive responsibility, providing proper reproductive
of LaborFor Benevolence and for Self-Interest: Social and Commercial Entrepreneurial Activity across Nations
"... Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international resear ..."
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Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA Discussion Paper No. 5770
What Makes an Entrepreneur?
, 2008
"... Abstract We test two competing hypotheses on what makes an entrepreneur: nature-attitude towards risk, I.Q., and self-confidence; or nurture- family background and social networks. The results are based on data from a new survey on entrepreneurship in Brazil, of 400 entrepreneurs and 540 non-entrepr ..."
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Abstract We test two competing hypotheses on what makes an entrepreneur: nature-attitude towards risk, I.Q., and self-confidence; or nurture- family background and social networks. The results are based on data from a new survey on entrepreneurship in Brazil, of 400 entrepreneurs and 540 non-entrepreneurs of the same age, gender, education and location in 7 Brazilian cities. We find that family characteristics have the strongest influence on becoming an entrepreneur. In contrast, success as an entrepreneur is primarily determined by the individual’s smartness and higher education in the family. Entrepreneurs are not more self-confident than non-entrepreneurs; and overconfidence is bad for business success.
