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The pro-social classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes
- Review of Educational Research. [Internet] March 2009 [cited 2014 November 23], Vol.79, No.1
"... The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers ’ social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher–student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional ..."
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Cited by 70 (3 self)
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The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers ’ social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of supportive teacher–student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional learning program implementation. This model proposes that these factors contribute to creating a classroom climate that is more conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental outcomes among students. Furthermore, this article reviews current research suggesting a relationship between SEC and teacher burnout and reviews intervention efforts to support teachers ’ SEC through stress reduction and mindfulness programs. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda to address the potential efficacy of intervention strategies designed to promote teacher SEC and improved learn-ing outcomes for students.
Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological interventions.
, 2011
"... a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Mindfulness-based meditation interventions have become increasingly popular in contemporary psychology. Other closely related meditation practices include loving-kindness meditation (LKM) and compassion meditation (CM), exercises oriented toward enhancing uncon ..."
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Cited by 31 (0 self)
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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Mindfulness-based meditation interventions have become increasingly popular in contemporary psychology. Other closely related meditation practices include loving-kindness meditation (LKM) and compassion meditation (CM), exercises oriented toward enhancing unconditional, positive emotional states of kindness and compassion. This article provides a review of the background, the techniques, and the empirical contemporary literature of LKM and CM. The literature suggests that LKM and CM are associated with an increase in positive affect and a decrease in negative affect. Preliminary findings from neuroendocrine studies indicate that CM may reduce stress-induced subjective distress and immune response. Neuroimaging studies suggest that LKM and CM may enhance activation of brain areas that are involved in emotional processing and empathy. Finally, preliminary intervention studies support application of these strategies in clinical populations. It is concluded that, when combined with empirically supported treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, LKM and CM may provide potentially useful strategies for targeting a variety of different psychological problems that involve interpersonal processes, such as depression, social anxiety, marital conflict, anger, and coping with the strains of long-term caregiving.
Dispositional mindfulness and the attenuation of neural responses to emotional stimuli. Soc. Cogn. Affect
, 2013
"... to emotional stimuli ..."
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Theta phase synchrony and conscious target perception: Impact of intensive mental training
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
, 2009
"... & The information processing capacity of the human mind is limited, as is evidenced by the attentional blink—a deficit in identifying the second of two targets (T1 and T2) presented in close succession. This deficit is thought to result from an overinvestment of limited resources in T1 processin ..."
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Cited by 18 (3 self)
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& The information processing capacity of the human mind is limited, as is evidenced by the attentional blink—a deficit in identifying the second of two targets (T1 and T2) presented in close succession. This deficit is thought to result from an overinvestment of limited resources in T1 processing. We previously reported that intensive mental training in a style of meditation aimed at reducing elaborate object processing, reduced brain resource allocation to T1, and improved T2 accuracy
Functional neural plasticity and associated changes in positive affect after compassion training. Cerebral Cortex. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs142
, 2012
"... The development of social emotions such as compassion is crucial for successful social interactions as well as for the maintenance of mental and physical health, especially when confronted with dis-tressing life events. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting the training of these emotions are poorly ..."
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Cited by 17 (3 self)
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The development of social emotions such as compassion is crucial for successful social interactions as well as for the maintenance of mental and physical health, especially when confronted with dis-tressing life events. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting the training of these emotions are poorly understood. To study affective plasticity in healthy adults, we measured functional neural and sub-jective responses to witnessing the distress of others in a newly developed task (Socio-affective Video Task). Participants ’ initial em-pathic responses to the task were accompanied by negative affect and activations in the anterior insula and anterior medial cingulate cortex—a core neural network underlying empathy for pain. Whereas participants reacted with negative affect before training, compassion training increased positive affective experiences, even in response to witnessing others in distress. On the neural level, we observed that, compared with a memory control group, com-passion training elicited activity in a neural network including the medial orbitofrontal cortex, putamen, pallidum, and ventral tegmen-tal area—brain regions previously associated with positive affect and affiliation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the delib-erate cultivation of compassion offers a new coping strategy that fosters positive affect even when confronted with the distress of others.
Who benefits from training in self-compassionate self-regulation? A study of smoking reduction.
- J. Soc. Clin. Psychol.
, 2010
"... Self-compassion has been found to promote well-being but research has yet to examine whether training in self-compassion improves self-regulation A self-compassionate disposition protects against emotional distress and promotes health and well-being ..."
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Cited by 16 (0 self)
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Self-compassion has been found to promote well-being but research has yet to examine whether training in self-compassion improves self-regulation A self-compassionate disposition protects against emotional distress and promotes health and well-being
Differential effects on pain intensity and unpleasantness of two meditation practices
- Emotion
, 2010
"... Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that can be regulated by many different cognitive mechanisms. We compared the regulatory qualities of two different meditation practices during noxious thermal stimuli: Focused Attention, directed at a fixation cross away from the stimulation, w ..."
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Cited by 15 (2 self)
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Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that can be regulated by many different cognitive mechanisms. We compared the regulatory qualities of two different meditation practices during noxious thermal stimuli: Focused Attention, directed at a fixation cross away from the stimulation, which could regulate negative affect through a sensory gating mechanism; and Open Monitoring, which could regulate negative affect through a mechanism of nonjudgmental, nonreactive awareness of sensory experience. Here, we report behavioral data from a comparison between novice and long-term meditation practitioners (long-term meditators, LTMs) using these techniques. LTMs, compared to novices, had a significant reduction of self-reported unpleasantness, but not intensity, of painful stimuli while practicing Open Monitoring. No significant effects were found for FA. This finding illuminates the possible regulatory mechanism of meditation-based clinical interventions like Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Implications are discussed in the broader context of training-induced changes in trait emotion regulation.
Fixing Our Focus: Training Attention to Regulation Emotion
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
, 2011
"... Empirical studies have frequently linked negative attentional biases with attentional dysfunction and negative moods; however, far less research has focused on how attentional deployment can be an adaptive strategy that regulates emotional experience. The authors argue that attention may be an inval ..."
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Cited by 15 (0 self)
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Empirical studies have frequently linked negative attentional biases with attentional dysfunction and negative moods; however, far less research has focused on how attentional deployment can be an adaptive strategy that regulates emotional experience. The authors argue that attention may be an invaluable tool for promoting emotion regulation. Accordingly, they present evidence that selective attention to positive information reflects emotion regulation and that regulating attention is a critical component of the emotion regulatory process. Furthermore, attentional regulation can be successfully trained through repeated practice. The authors ultimately propose a model of attention training methodologies integrating attention-dependent emotion regulation strategies with attention networks. Although additional interdisciplinary research is needed to bolster these nascent findings, meditative practices appear to be among the most effective training methodologies in enhancing emotional well-being. Further exploration of the positive and therapeutic qualities of attention warrants the empirical attention of social and personality psychologists. Keywords emotion regulation, attention, attention training, selective attention, meditation Attention is a most valuable instrument that serves as a tele-scope through which we select, bring into focus, and magnify
Effects of mindful-attention and compassion meditation training on amygdala response to emotional stimuli in an ordinary, non-meditative state. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
, 2012
"... The amygdala has been repeatedly implicated in emotional processing of both positive and negative-valence stimuli. Previous studies suggest that the amygdala response to emotional stimuli is lower when the subject is in a meditative state of mindful-attention, both in beginner meditators after an 8 ..."
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Cited by 11 (1 self)
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The amygdala has been repeatedly implicated in emotional processing of both positive and negative-valence stimuli. Previous studies suggest that the amygdala response to emotional stimuli is lower when the subject is in a meditative state of mindful-attention, both in beginner meditators after an 8-week meditation intervention and in expert meditators. However, the longitudinal effects of meditation training on amygdala responses have not been reported when participants are in an ordinary, non-meditative state. In this study, we investigated how 8 weeks of training in meditation affects amygdala responses to emotional stimuli in subjects when in a non-meditative state. Healthy adults with no prior meditation experience took part in 8 weeks of either Mindful Attention Training (MAT), Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT; a program based on Tibetan Buddhist compassion meditation practices), or an active control intervention. Before and after the intervention, participants underwent an fMRI experiment during which they were presented images with positive, negative, and neutral emotional valences from the IAPS database while remaining in an ordinary, non-meditative state. Using a region-of-interest analysis, we found a longitudinal decrease in right amygdala activation in the Mindful Attention group in response to positive images, and in response to images of all valences overall. In the CBCT group, we found a trend increase in right amygdala response to negative images, which was significantly correlated with a decrease in depression score. No effects or trends were observed in the control group. This finding suggests that the effects of meditation training on emotional processing might transfer to non-meditative states. This is consistent with the hypothesis that meditation training may induce learning that is not stimulus-or task-specific, but process-specific, and thereby may result in enduring changes in mental function.
Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training
- Soc. Cogn
, 2013
"... empathy training ..."
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