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Interacting with the SOA-Based Internet of Things: Discovery, Query, Selection, and On-Demand Provisioning of Web Services
"... Abstract—The increasing usage of smart embedded devices in business blurs the line between the virtual and real worlds. This creates new opportunities to build applications that better integrate real-time state of the physical world, and hence, provides enterprise services that are highly dynamic, m ..."
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Abstract—The increasing usage of smart embedded devices in business blurs the line between the virtual and real worlds. This creates new opportunities to build applications that better integrate real-time state of the physical world, and hence, provides enterprise services that are highly dynamic, more diverse, and efficient. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approaches traditionally used to couple functionality of heavyweight corporate IT systems, are becoming applicable to embedded real-world devices, i.e., objects of the physical world that feature embedded processing and communication. In such infrastructures, composed of large numbers of networked, resource-limited devices, the discovery of services and on-demand provisioning of missing functionality is a significant challenge. We propose a process and a suitable system architecture that enables developers and business process designers to dynamically query, select, and use running instances of real-world services (i.e., services running on physical devices) or even deploy new ones on-demand, all in the context of composite, real-world business applications.
A probabilistic latent factor approach to service ranking
- in Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), 2011 IEEE International Conference on
, 2011
"... Abstract—In this paper we investigate the use of probabilistic machine-learning techniques to extract latent factors from semantically enriched service descriptions. These latent factors provide a model to represent service descriptions of any type in vector form. With this conversion, heterogeneous ..."
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Abstract—In this paper we investigate the use of probabilistic machine-learning techniques to extract latent factors from semantically enriched service descriptions. These latent factors provide a model to represent service descriptions of any type in vector form. With this conversion, heterogeneous service descriptions can be represented on the same homogeneous plane thus achieving interoperability between different service description technologies. Automated service discovery and ranking is achieved by extracting latent factors from queries and representing the queries in vector form. Vector algebra can then be used to match services to the query. This approach is scalable to large service repositories and provides an efficient mechanism for publishing and new services after the system is deployed. Keywords-service computing, ranking, machine-learning, LDA, semantics; I.
Probabilistic Methods for Service Clustering
"... Abstract. This paper focuses on service clustering and uses service descriptions to construct probabilistic models for service clustering. We discuss how service descriptions can be enriched with machine-interpretable semantics and then we investigate how these service descriptions can be grouped in ..."
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Abstract. This paper focuses on service clustering and uses service descriptions to construct probabilistic models for service clustering. We discuss how service descriptions can be enriched with machine-interpretable semantics and then we investigate how these service descriptions can be grouped in clusters in order to make discovery, ranking, and recommendation faster and more effective. We propose using Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) (i.e. two machine learning techniques used in Information Retrieval) to learn latent factors from the corpus of service descriptions and group services according to their latent factors. By creating an intermediate layer of latent factors between the services and their descriptions, the dimensionality of the model is reduced and services can be searched and linked together based on probabilistic methods in latent space. The model can cluster any newly added service with a direct calculation without requiring to re-calculate the latent variables or re-train the model. 1
Bootstrapping Ontologies for Web Services
"... Abstract—Ontologies have become the de-facto modeling tool of choice, employed in many applications and prominently in the semantic web. Nevertheless, ontology construction remains a daunting task. Ontological bootstrapping, which aims at automatically generating concepts and their relations in a gi ..."
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Abstract—Ontologies have become the de-facto modeling tool of choice, employed in many applications and prominently in the semantic web. Nevertheless, ontology construction remains a daunting task. Ontological bootstrapping, which aims at automatically generating concepts and their relations in a given domain, is a promising technique for ontology construction. Bootstrapping an ontology based on a set of predefined textual sources, such as web services, must address the problem of multiple, largely unrelated concepts. In this paper, we propose an ontology bootstrapping process for web services. We exploit the advantage that web services usually consist of both WSDL and free text descriptors. The WSDL descriptor is evaluated using two methods, namely Term Frequency/Inverse Document Frequency (TF/IDF) and web context generation. Our proposed ontology bootstrapping process integrates the results of both methods and applies a third method to validate the concepts using the service free text descriptor, thereby offering a more accurate definition of ontologies. We extensively validated our bootstrapping method using a large repository of real-world web services and verified the results against existing ontologies. The experimental results indicate high precision. Furthermore, the recall versus precision comparison of the results when each method is separately implemented presents the advantage of our integrated bootstrapping approach. Index Terms—Web services discovery, metadata of services interfaces, service-oriented relationship modeling. Ç 1
Knowledge Representation in the Internet of Things: Semantic
"... Semantic modelling provides a potential basis for interoperating among different systems and applications in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, current work has mostly focused on IoT resource management while not on the access and utilisation of information generated by the “Things”. We present ..."
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Semantic modelling provides a potential basis for interoperating among different systems and applications in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, current work has mostly focused on IoT resource management while not on the access and utilisation of information generated by the “Things”. We present the design of a comprehensive and lightweight semantic description model for knowledge representation in the IoT domain. The design follows the widely recognised best practices in knowledge engineering and ontology modelling. Users are allowed to extend the model by linking to external ontologies, knowledge bases or existing linked data. Scalable access to IoT services and resources is achieved through a distributed, semantic storage design. The usefulness of the model is also illustrated through an IoT service discovery method.
A Hybrid Semantic Matchmaker for IoT Services
"... Abstract—The use of semantic Web technologies and service ..."
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Abstract—The use of semantic Web technologies and service
Using SOA Governance Design Methodologies to Augment Enterprise Service Descriptions
"... Abstract. In large-scale SOA development projects, organizations utilize Enterprise Services to implement new composite applications. Such Enterprise Services are commonly developed based on service design methodologies of a SOA Governance process to feasibly deal with a large set of Enterprise Serv ..."
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Abstract. In large-scale SOA development projects, organizations utilize Enterprise Services to implement new composite applications. Such Enterprise Services are commonly developed based on service design methodologies of a SOA Governance process to feasibly deal with a large set of Enterprise Services. However, this usually reduces their understandability and affects the discovery by potential service consumers. In this paper, we first present a way to derive concepts and their relationships from such a service design methodology. Second, we automatically annotate Enterprise Services with these concepts that can be used to facilitate the discovery of Enterprise Services. Based on our prototypical implementation, we evaluated the approach on a set of real Enterprise Service operations provided by SAP. Our evaluation shows a high degree of annotation completeness, accuracy and correctness.
Ontology Construction for Web Services
"... Abstract. Ontologies have become the de-facto modeling tool of choice, employed in a variety of applications and prominently in the Semantic Web. Nevertheless, ontology construction remains a daunting task. Ontological bootstrapping, which aims at automatically generating concepts and their relation ..."
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Abstract. Ontologies have become the de-facto modeling tool of choice, employed in a variety of applications and prominently in the Semantic Web. Nevertheless, ontology construction remains a daunting task. Ontological bootstrapping, which aims at automatically generating concepts and their relations in a given domain, is a promising technique for ontology construction. Bootstrapping an ontology based on a set of predefined textual sources, such as Web services, must address the problem of multiple concepts that are largely unrelated. This paper exploits the advantage that Web services usually consist of both WSDL and free text descriptors. The WSDL descriptor is evaluated using two methods, namely Term Frequency/Inverse Document Frequency (TF/IDF) and Web context generation. We propose an ontology bootstrapping process that integrates the results of both methods and validates the concepts using the free text descriptors, thereby offering a more accurate definition of ontologies. 1
Approaches for Automated Web Service Discovery
"... Abstract — Paper highlights the previous work on web service discovery and techniques; also describes the proposed work for automated web service discovery with combination of different approaches. The approaches enable users to form queries and to search and discover the services based on different ..."
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Abstract — Paper highlights the previous work on web service discovery and techniques; also describes the proposed work for automated web service discovery with combination of different approaches. The approaches enable users to form queries and to search and discover the services based on different requirements. The proposed system uses methods such as probabilistic machine-learning techniques and logic based search to extract latent factors from user query and match with probable web service by searching in ranked and clustered web service repository. Otherwise it discovers the related web service from web and adds it in web service repository for further use.
A Novel Process Network Model for Interacting Context-aware Web Services
"... Abstract—Context-aware web services have been attracting significant attention as an important approach for improving the usability of web services. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to model dynamic behaviors of interacting context-aware web services, aiming to effectively process and take ..."
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Abstract—Context-aware web services have been attracting significant attention as an important approach for improving the usability of web services. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to model dynamic behaviors of interacting context-aware web services, aiming to effectively process and take advantage of contexts and realize behavior adaptation of web services and further to facilitate the development of context-aware application of web services. We present an interaction model of context-aware web services based on Context-aware Process Network (CAPN), which is a dataflow and channel based model of cooperative computation. CAPN is extended to context-aware web service network by introducing a kind of sensor processes, which is used to catch contextual data from external environment. Through modeling the register link’s behaviors, we present how a web service can respond to its context changes dynamically. The formal behavior semantics of our model is described by Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) process algebra. The behavior adaptation and context-awareness in our model are discussed. A XML (eXtensible Markup Language) formatted service behavior description language named BML4WS is designed to describe behaviors and behavior adaptation of interacting context-aware web services. Finally, an application case is demonstrated to illustrate the proposed model how to adapt context changes and describe service behaviours and their changes. Index Terms—Context-aware web service, service behavior, CCS process algebra, CAPN, service interaction.
