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348
Vogels, U-Net: a user-level network interface for parallel and distributed computing, in:
- Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles, ACM,
, 1995
"... Abstract The U-Net communication architecture provides processes with a virtual view of a network device to enable user-level access to high-speed communication devices. The architecture, implemented on standard workstations using off-the-shelf ATM communication hardware, removes the kernel from th ..."
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Cited by 597 (17 self)
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Abstract The U-Net communication architecture provides processes with a virtual view of a network device to enable user-level access to high-speed communication devices. The architecture, implemented on standard workstations using off-the-shelf ATM communication hardware, removes the kernel from the communication path, while still providing full protection. The model presented by U-Net allows for the construction of protocols at user level whose performance is only limited by the capabilities of network. The architecture is extremely flexible in the sense that traditional protocols like TCP and UDP, as well as novel abstractions like Active Message can be implemented efficiently. A U-Net prototype on an 8-node ATM cluster of standard workstations achieves 15Mbytes/s TCP bandwidth with 1Kbyte buffers and demonstrates performance equivalent to Meiko CS-2 and TMC CM-5 supercomputers on a set of Split-C benchmarks.
Improving TCP/IP performance over wireless networks
- IN PROCEEDINGS, 1ST ACM CONF. ON MOBILE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING
, 1995
"... TCP is a reliable transport protocol tuned to perform well in traditional networks made up of links with low bit-error rates. Networks with higher bit-error rates, such as those with wireless links and mobile hosts, violate many of the assumptions made by TCP, causing degraded end-to-end performance ..."
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Cited by 433 (18 self)
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TCP is a reliable transport protocol tuned to perform well in traditional networks made up of links with low bit-error rates. Networks with higher bit-error rates, such as those with wireless links and mobile hosts, violate many of the assumptions made by TCP, causing degraded end-to-end performance. In tbis paper, we describe the design and implementation of a simple protocol, called the snoop protocol, that improves TCP performance in wireless networks. The protocol modifies network-layer software mainly at a base station and preserves end-to-end TCP semantics. The main idea of the protocol is to cache packets at the base station and perform local retransmissions across the wireless link. We have implemented the snoop protocol on a wireless testbed consisting of IBM ThinkPad laptops and i486 base
High performance messaging on workstations: Illinois Fast Messages (FM) for Myrinet
- In Supercomputing
, 1995
"... In most computer systems, software overhead dominates the cost of messaging, reducing delivered performance, especially for short messages. Efficient software messaging layers are needed to deliver the hardware performance to the application level and to support tightly-coupled workstation clusters. ..."
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Cited by 311 (15 self)
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In most computer systems, software overhead dominates the cost of messaging, reducing delivered performance, especially for short messages. Efficient software messaging layers are needed to deliver the hardware performance to the application level and to support tightly-coupled workstation clusters. Illinois Fast Messages (FM) 1.0 is a high speed messaging layer that delivers low latency and high bandwidth for short messages. For 128-byte packets, FM achieves bandwidths of 16.2 MB/s and one-way latencies 32 s on Myrinet-connected SPARCstations (user-level to user-level). For shorter packets, we have measured one-way latencies of 25 s, and for larger packets, bandwidth as high as to 19.6 MB/s — delivered bandwidth greater than OC-3. FM is also superior to the Myrinet API messaging layer, not just in terms of latency and usable bandwidth, but also in terms of the message half-power point (n 1 2 which is two orders of magnitude smaller (54 vs. 4,409 bytes). We describe the FM messaging primitives and the critical design issues in building a low-latency messaging layers for workstation clusters. Several issues are critical: the division of labor between host and network coprocessor, management of the input/output (I/O) bus, and buffer management. To achieve high performance, messaging layers should assign as much functionality as possible to the host. If the network interface has DMA capability, the I/O bus should be used asymmetrically, with
Npsnet: A network software architecture for large scale virtual environments
- Presence
, 1994
"... This paper explores the issues involved in designing and developing network software architectures for large scale virtual environments. We present our ideas in the context of NPSNET-IV, the first 3D virtual environment that incorporates both the IEEE 1278 Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) ap ..."
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Cited by 262 (10 self)
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This paper explores the issues involved in designing and developing network software architectures for large scale virtual environments. We present our ideas in the context of NPSNET-IV, the first 3D virtual environment that incorporates both the IEEE 1278 Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) application protocol and the IP Multicast network protocol for multi-player simulation over the Internet.
Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols
- ACM Transactions on Computer Systems
, 1987
"... As a reliable, end-to-end transport protocol, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses positive acknowledgements and retransmission to guarantee delivery. TCP implementations are expected to measure and adapt to changing round-trip delay so that their retransmission behavior balances user throug ..."
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Cited by 240 (0 self)
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As a reliable, end-to-end transport protocol, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses positive acknowledgements and retransmission to guarantee delivery. TCP implementations are expected to measure and adapt to changing round-trip delay so that their retransmission behavior balances user throughput and network efficiency. However, TCP suffers from a problem we call retransmission ambiguzty: when an acknowledgement arrives for a datagram that has been retransmitted, there is no indication of which transmission is being acknowledged. As a result, an implementation maybe unable to determine if the round-trip time it measures is for an original transmission or a retransmission of a datagram. Many existing TCP implementa-tions do not handle this problem correctly. Furthermore, the problem of retransmission ambigu-ity is also a characteristic of other major transport protocols, including 0S1 TP4 and DECnet NSP This paper reviews the various approaches to retransmission and presents a novel and effective approach to the retransmission ambiguity problem. Categories and Subject Descriptors: C 20 [Computer Communications Networks]: General—open System Interconnection reference model (0S1); C.2. 1 [Computer Communications Networks]: Network Architecture and Design—packet networks, store and forward net-works; D.4.4 [Operating Systems]: Communications Management — message sending, network communication
Building Secure and Reliable Network Applications
, 1996
"... ly, the remote procedure call problem, which an RPC protocol undertakes to solve, consists of emulating LPC using message passing. LPC has a number of "properties" -- a single procedure invocation results in exactly one execution of the procedure body, the result returned is reliably deliv ..."
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Cited by 230 (16 self)
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ly, the remote procedure call problem, which an RPC protocol undertakes to solve, consists of emulating LPC using message passing. LPC has a number of "properties" -- a single procedure invocation results in exactly one execution of the procedure body, the result returned is reliably delivered to the invoker, and exceptions are raised if (and only if) an error occurs. Given a completely reliable communication environment, which never loses, duplicates, or reorders messages, and given client and server processes that never fail, RPC would be trivial to solve. The sender would merely package the invocation into one or more messages, and transmit these to the server. The server would unpack the data into local variables, perform the desired operation, and send back the result (or an indication of any exception that occurred) in a reply message. The challenge, then, is created by failures. Were it not for the possibility of process and machine crashes, an RPC protocol capable of overcomi...
DPF: Fast, Flexible Message Demultiplexing using Dynamic Code Generation
- In ACM Communication Architectures, Protocols, and Applications (SIGCOMM
, 1996
"... Fast and flexible message demultiplexing are well-established goals in the networking community [1, 18, 22]. Currently, however, network architects have had to sacrifice one for the other. We present a new packet-filter system, DPF (Dynamic Packet Filters), that provides both the traditional flexibi ..."
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Cited by 142 (12 self)
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Fast and flexible message demultiplexing are well-established goals in the networking community [1, 18, 22]. Currently, however, network architects have had to sacrifice one for the other. We present a new packet-filter system, DPF (Dynamic Packet Filters), that provides both the traditional flexibility of packet filters [18] and the speed of hand-crafted demultiplexing routines [3]. DPF filters run 10--50 times faster than the fastest packet filters reported in the literature [1, 17, 18, 27]. DPF's performance is either equivalent to or, when it can exploit runtime information, superior to handcoded demultiplexors. DPF achieves high performance by using a carefully-designed declarative packet-filter language that is aggressively optimized using dynamic code generation. The contributions of this work are: (1) a detailed description of the DPF design, (2) discussion of the use of dynamic code generation and quantitative results on its performance impact, (3) quantitative results on how ...
Increasing Network Throughput by Integrating Protocol Layers
- IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
, 1993
"... Integrating protocol data manipulations is a strategy for increasing the throughput of network protocols. The idea is to combine a series of protocol layers into a pipeline so as to access message data more efficiently. This paper introduces a widely-applicable technique for integrating protocols. T ..."
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Cited by 126 (8 self)
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Integrating protocol data manipulations is a strategy for increasing the throughput of network protocols. The idea is to combine a series of protocol layers into a pipeline so as to access message data more efficiently. This paper introduces a widely-applicable technique for integrating protocols. This technique not only improves performance, but also preserves the modularity of protocol layers by automatically integrating independently expressed protocols. The paper also describes a prototype integration tool, and studies the performance limits and scalability of protocol integration. Department of Computer Science The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 1 This research was sponsored in part by DARPA Contract DABT63-91-C-0030. 1 Introduction Data manipulation---e.g., encryption, presentation formatting, compression, computing checksums---is one of the costliest aspects of data transfer [3, 4, 6]. This is because reading, and possibly writing, each byte of data in a message invo...
An Implementation and Analysis of the Virtual Interface Architecture
- IN PROCEEDINGS OF SC'98
, 1998
"... Rapid developments in networking technology and a rise in clustered computing have driven research studies in high performance communication architectures. In an effort to standardize the work in this area, industry leaders have developed the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) specification. This ..."
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Cited by 108 (8 self)
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Rapid developments in networking technology and a rise in clustered computing have driven research studies in high performance communication architectures. In an effort to standardize the work in this area, industry leaders have developed the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) specification. This architecture seeks to provide an operating system-independent infrastructure for high-performance user-level networking in a generic environment. This paper evaluates the inherent costs and performance potential of the Virtual Interface Architecture through a prototype implementation over Myrinet. The VIA prototype is compared against established research user-level networks using simple communication benchmarks on the same hardware. We consider extensions to the VI Architecture that improve its performance for certain types of communication traffic and outline further research areas in the VIA design space that merit investigation.
