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Minimum Cuts and Shortest Non-Separating Cycles via Homology Covers
- SYMPOSIUM ON DISCRETE ALGORITHMS
, 2011
"... Let G be a directed graph with weighted edges, embedded on a surface of genus g with b boundaries. We describe an algorithm to compute the shortest directed cycle in G in any given � 2-homology class in 2 O(g+b) n log n time; this problem is NP-hard even for undirected graphs. We also present two ap ..."
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Cited by 18 (5 self)
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Let G be a directed graph with weighted edges, embedded on a surface of genus g with b boundaries. We describe an algorithm to compute the shortest directed cycle in G in any given � 2-homology class in 2 O(g+b) n log n time; this problem is NP-hard even for undirected graphs. We also present two applications of our algorithm. The first is an algorithm to compute the shortest non-separating directed cycle in G in 2 O(g) n log n time, improving the recent algorithm of Cabello et al. [SOCG 2010] for all g = o(log n). The second is a combinatorial algorithm to compute minimum (s, t)-cuts in undirected surface graphs in 2 O(g) n log n time, improving an algorithm of Chambers et al. [SOCG 2009] for all positive g. Unlike earlier algorithms for surface graphs that construct and search finite portions of the universal cover, our algorithms use another canonical covering space, called the Z 2-homology cover.
Computing the shortest essential cycle
, 2008
"... An essential cycle on a surface is a simple cycle that cannot be continuously deformed to a point or a single boundary. We describe algorithms to compute the shortest essential cycle in an orientable combinatorial surface in O(n 2 log n) time, or in O(n log n) time when both the genus and number of ..."
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Cited by 11 (4 self)
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An essential cycle on a surface is a simple cycle that cannot be continuously deformed to a point or a single boundary. We describe algorithms to compute the shortest essential cycle in an orientable combinatorial surface in O(n 2 log n) time, or in O(n log n) time when both the genus and number of boundaries are fixed. Our result corrects an error in a paper of Erickson and Har-Peled.
Flow-Cut Gaps for Integer and Fractional Multiflows
, 2009
"... Consider a routing problem instance consisting of a demand graph H = (V, E(H)) and a supply graph G = (V, E(G)). If the pair obeys the cut condition, then the flow-cut gap for this instance is the minimum value C such that there exists a feasible multiflow for H if each edge of G is given capacity C ..."
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Cited by 8 (1 self)
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Consider a routing problem instance consisting of a demand graph H = (V, E(H)) and a supply graph G = (V, E(G)). If the pair obeys the cut condition, then the flow-cut gap for this instance is the minimum value C such that there exists a feasible multiflow for H if each edge of G is given capacity C. It is wellknown that the flow-cut gap may be greater than 1 even in the case where G is the (series-parallel) graph K2,3. In this paper we are primarily interested in the “integer ” flow-cut gap. What is the minimum value C such that there exists a feasible integer valued multiflow for H if each edge of G is given capacity C? We formulate a conjecture that states that the integer flow-cut gap is quantitatively related to the fractional flow-cut gap. In particular this strengthens the well-known conjecture that the flow-cut gap in planar and minor-free graphs is O(1) [12] to suggest that the integer flow-cut gap is O(1). We give several technical tools and results on non-trivial special classes of graphs to give evidence for the conjecture and further explore the “primal ” method for understanding flow-cut gaps; this is in contrast to and orthogonal to the highly successful metric embeddings approach. Our results include the following: • Let G be obtained by series-parallel operations starting from an edge st, and consider orienting all edges in G in the direction from s to t. A demand is compliant if its endpoints are joined by a directed
Shortest non-trivial cycles in directed surface graphs
- In Proc. 27th Ann. Symp. Comput. Geom
, 2011
"... Let G be a directed graph embedded on a surface of genus g. We describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-separating cycle in G in O(g 2 n log n) time, exactly matching the fastest algorithm known for undirected graphs. We also describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-contractible cy ..."
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Cited by 8 (2 self)
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Let G be a directed graph embedded on a surface of genus g. We describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-separating cycle in G in O(g 2 n log n) time, exactly matching the fastest algorithm known for undirected graphs. We also describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-contractible cycle in G in g O(g) n log n time, matching the fastest algorithm for undirected graphs of constant genus.
Shortest Non-trivial Cycles in Directed and Undirected Surface Graphs
"... Let G be a graph embedded on a surface of genus g with b boundary cycles. We describe algorithms to compute multiple types of non-trivial cycles in G, using different techniques depending on whether or not G is an undirected graph. If G is undirected, then we give an algorithm to compute a shortest ..."
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Cited by 5 (3 self)
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Let G be a graph embedded on a surface of genus g with b boundary cycles. We describe algorithms to compute multiple types of non-trivial cycles in G, using different techniques depending on whether or not G is an undirected graph. If G is undirected, then we give an algorithm to compute a shortest non-separating cycle in G in 2O(g) n log log n time. Similar algorithms are given to compute a shortest non-contractible or non-null-homologous cycle in 2O(g+b) n log log n time. Our algorithms for undirected G combine an algorithm of Kutz with known techniques for efficiently enumerating homotopy classes of curves that may be shortest non-trivial cycles. Our main technical contributions in this work arise from assuming G is a directed graph with possibly asymmetric edge weights. For this case, we give an algorithm to compute a shortest non-contractible cycle in G in O((g 3 + g b)n log n) time. In order to achieve this time bound, we use a restriction of the infinite cyclic cover that may be useful in other contexts. We also describe an algorithm to compute a shortest non-null-homologous cycle in G in O((g 2 + g b)n log n) time, extending a known algorithm of Erickson to compute a shortest non-separating cycle. In both the undirected and directed cases, our algorithms improve the best time bounds known for many values of g and b. 1
Optimal stochastic planarization
- In 2010 IEEE 51st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
, 2010
"... It has been shown by Indyk and Sidiropoulos [IS07] that any graph of genus g> 0 can be stochastically embedded into a distribution over planar graphs with distortion 2O(g). This bound was later improved to O(g2) by Borradaile, Lee and Sidiropoulos [BLS09]. We give an embedding with distortion O(l ..."
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Cited by 4 (0 self)
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It has been shown by Indyk and Sidiropoulos [IS07] that any graph of genus g> 0 can be stochastically embedded into a distribution over planar graphs with distortion 2O(g). This bound was later improved to O(g2) by Borradaile, Lee and Sidiropoulos [BLS09]. We give an embedding with distortion O(log g), which is asymptotically optimal. Apart from the improved distortion, another advantage of our embedding is that it can be computed in polynomial time. In contrast, the algorithm of [BLS09] requires solving an NP-hard problem. Our result implies in particular a reduction for a large class of geometric opti-mization problems from instances on genus-g graphs, to corresponding ones on planar graphs, with a O(log g) loss factor in the approximation guarantee. ar X iv
Faster shortest non-contractible cycles in directed surface graphs
- CoRR
"... Let G be a directed graph embedded on a surface of genus g with b boundary cycles. We describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-contractible cycle in G in O((g 3 + g b)n log n) time. Our algorithm improves the previous best known time bound of (g + b) O(g+b) n log n for all positive g and b. ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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Let G be a directed graph embedded on a surface of genus g with b boundary cycles. We describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-contractible cycle in G in O((g 3 + g b)n log n) time. Our algorithm improves the previous best known time bound of (g + b) O(g+b) n log n for all positive g and b. We also describe an algorithm to compute the shortest non-null-homologous cycle in G in O((g 2 + g b)n log n) time, generalizing a known algorithm to compute the shortest non-separating cycle.
Flow-Cut Gaps for Integer and Fractional Multiflows
, 2010
"... Consider a routing problem instance consisting of a demand graph H = (V,E(H)) and a supply graph G = (V,E(G)). If the pair obeys the cut condition, then the flow-cut gap for this instance is the minimum value C such that there exists a feasible multiflow for H if each edge of G is given capacity C. ..."
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Consider a routing problem instance consisting of a demand graph H = (V,E(H)) and a supply graph G = (V,E(G)). If the pair obeys the cut condition, then the flow-cut gap for this instance is the minimum value C such that there exists a feasible multiflow for H if each edge of G is given capacity C. It is well-known that the flow-cut gap may be greater than 1 even in the case where G is the (series-parallel) graph K2,3. In this paper we are primarily interested in the “integer ” flow-cut gap. What is the minimum value C such that there exists a feasible integer valued multiflow for H if each edge of G is given capacity C? We formulate a conjecture that states that the integer flow-cut gap is quantitatively related to the fractional flow-cut gap. In particular this strengthens the well-known conjecture that the flow-cut gap in planar and minor-free graphs is O(1) [14] to suggest that the integer flow-cut gap is O(1). We give several technical tools and results on non-trivial special classes of graphs to give evidence for the conjecture and further explore the “primal ” method for understanding flow-cut gaps; this is in contrast to and orthogonal to the highly successful metric embeddings approach. Our results include the following: • Let G be obtained by series-parallel operations starting from an edge st, and consider orienting all edges in G in the direction from s to t. A demand is compliant if its endpoints are joined by a directed
FAST ALGORITHMS FOR SURFACE EMBEDDED GRAPHS VIA HOMOLOGY
, 2013
"... We describe several results on combinatorial optimization problems for graphs where the input comes with an embedding on an orientable surface of small genus. While the specific techniques used differ between problems, all the algorithms we describe share one common feature in that they rely on the ..."
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We describe several results on combinatorial optimization problems for graphs where the input comes with an embedding on an orientable surface of small genus. While the specific techniques used differ between problems, all the algorithms we describe share one common feature in that they rely on the al-gebraic topology construct of homology. We describe algorithms to compute global minimum cuts and count minimum s, t-cuts. We describe new algo-rithms to compute short cycles that are topologically non-trivial. Finally, we describe ongoing work in designing a new algorithm for computing maximum s, t-flows in surface embedded graphs. We begin by describing an algorithm to compute global minimum cuts in edge weighted genus g graphs in gO(g)n log log n time. When the genus is a constant, our algorithm’s running time matches the best time bound known for planar graphs due to La̧cki and Sankowski. In our algorithm, we reduce to the problem of finding a minimum weight separating subgraph in the dual
