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...odeling approaches under examination in section 4, before we summarize our paper with a conclusion in section 5. 2. FUNDAMENTALS In the literature several definitions of the term context can be found =-=[36, 35, 32, 37, 10, 16, 41]-=-. A detailed discussion of the differences within these definitions is out of the scope of this paper but has some impact on the models introduced in the next section. A selection of some context-awar...

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...spaces (e.g., intelligent meeting rooms, smart homes, and smart vehicles). Context-aware systems are computer systems that can provide relevant services and information to users by exploiting context =-=[4]-=-. By context, we mean information about a location, its environmental attributes (e.g., noise level, light intensity, temperature, and motion) and the people, devices, objects and software agents it c...

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...s designed to compensate for variations in hardware and time-varying phenomena. We discuss our results in Section 5 and present our conclusions in Section 6. 1.1 Related work Location-aware computing =-=[10,22]-=- is primarily concerned with determining the location of a mobile computing device. Early inbuilding location-sensing systems required specialized hardware to ascertain a device’s location. For exampl...

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...e popular, the importance of context-aware applications increases. This in turn fuels the need to determine user location, with which the system can provide location-specific information and services =-=[6]-=-. Many systems over the years have tackled the problem of determining and tracking the user position. Examples include GPS [7], wide-area cellular-based systems [16], infrared-based systems [18, 3], u...

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...minals, signal propagation, statistical modeling. 1 INTRODUCTION LOCATION-AWARE computing is a recent interesting research area that exploits the possibilities of modern communication technology [6], =-=[9]-=-, [14], [17]. Locationaware devices can be located or can locate themselves, while, by location-aware services, we mean services based upon such location technologies. Location-aware computing has gre...

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..., and lecture halls. Maybe because of the static nature of such contexts, it has tried to create rigid taxonomies and general “allembracing” definitions of context—with a negligible success (see e.g. =-=[3]-=-).sBecause of having deep social roots and involving dynamically changing environment, mobile context seems to be even tougher concept to be “defined”. Therefore, deciding, from an armchair, which att...

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...formation to the user but lets the user decide how to change the application behavior, where active context-awareness autonomously changes the application behavior according to the sensed information =-=[3]-=-. Drawing on the three types of interaction, it is our belief that users feel a loss of control when using passive or active context-aware applications but not when they personalize their mobile devic...

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...erformance of ontology manipulation, while preserving the user perception of operating on the complete ontology. Interesting surveys on context-aware systems and models have already been presented in =-=[5, 14, 39, 45]-=-; we contribute with a review on recent evolutions and new systems for context modeling, and challenge each model with respect to the problem of context-aware data tailoring. We believe that no “silve...

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...e.g., cellID or GPS coordinates),stemporal context (e.g., time, date), social context (e.g., user name,suser profile, presence of other users), and environmental contexts(e.g., temperature, lighting) =-=[6, 15]-=-.sMost of the easily available contextual metadata is semanticallyslow-level information that does not say much to a person aboutsimage contents. For example, location coordinates can be said tosbe ve...