Results 1 - 10 of 58

Next-Generation Optical Access Networks

by Leonid G. Kazovsky, Wei-tao Shaw, David Gutierrez, Ning Cheng, Shing-wa Wong - IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology , 2007
"... Abstract—The main bandwidth bottleneck in today’s networks is in the access segment. To address that bottleneck, broadband fiber access technologies such as passive optical networks (PONs) are an indispensable solution. The industry has selected time-division multiplexing (TDM) for current PON deplo ..."
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Abstract—The main bandwidth bottleneck in today’s networks is in the access segment. To address that bottleneck, broadband fiber access technologies such as passive optical networks (PONs) are an indispensable solution. The industry has selected time-division multiplexing (TDM) for current PON deployments. To satisfy future bandwidth demands, however, next-generation PON systems are being investigated to provide even higher perfor-mance. In this paper, we first review current TDM-PONs; we des-ignate them as generation C. Next, we review next-generation PON systems, which we categorize into C+1 and C+2 generations. We expect C+1 systems to provide economic near-term bandwidth upgrade by overlaying new services on current TDM-PONs. For the long term, C+2 systems will provide more dramatic system improvement using wavelength division multiplexing technolo-gies. Some C+2 architectures require new infrastructures and/or equipment, whereas others employ a more evolutionary approach. We also review key enabling components and technologies for C+1 and C+2 generations and point out important topics for future research. Index Terms—Access networks, passive optical network (PON), time division multiplexing (TDM), wavelength division multiplex-ing (WDM). I. ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES: AN OVERVIEW DUE TO advances in photonics technologies and aworldwide deployment of optical fibers, core transport networks have experienced an extraordinary increase in trans-mission capacity during the last decade. Commercial 1-Tb/s transmission systems can be deployed using off-the-shelf equipment, and state-of-the-art fiber optical transmission technology has reached 10-Tb/s per single fiber [1]. In the meantime, at the user end, the drastic improvement of the performance of digital electronics and desktop computers has made possible expanding multimedia services such as video on demand, videoconferencing, high-definition TV (HDTV), e-learning, interactive games, voice over IP, and others. As a result, users will require more than 30 Mb/s of guaranteed band-width per user in the near future [2]. However, current copper-wire technologies bridging the users and the core networks are
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Applications of polling systems.

by M A A Boon , Mei , R D Van Der, , M A A Boon , R D Van Der Mei , E M M Winands , M A A Boon , R D Van Der Mei , Mei@cwi Nl , E M M Winands - Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science, , 2011
"... Abstract Since the first paper on polling systems, written by Mack in 1957, a huge number of papers on this topic has been written. A typical polling system consists of a number of queues, attended by a single server. In several surveys, the most notable ones written by Takagi, detailed and compreh ..."
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Abstract Since the first paper on polling systems, written by Mack in 1957, a huge number of papers on this topic has been written. A typical polling system consists of a number of queues, attended by a single server. In several surveys, the most notable ones written by Takagi, detailed and comprehensive descriptions of the mathematical analysis of polling systems are provided. The goal of the present survey paper is to complement these papers by putting the emphasis on applications of polling models. We discuss not only the capabilities, but also the limitations of polling models in representing various applications. Moreover, since the publication of the previous survey papers around 10 till 15 years ago, a large number of papers on polling models has been published. The present survey is directed at both academicians and practitioners.
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A dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for differentiated services in EPONs

by Jing Xie, Shengming Jiang, Yuming Jiang - IEEE Communications Magazine , 2004
"... Passive Optical Networks (PONs) bring high speed broadband access via fiber to the business, curb and home. Among various types of PONs, Ethernet PONs (EPONs) are gaining more and more attention since they are built upon widely used Ethernet technology and can offer high bandwidth, low cost, and bro ..."
Abstract - Cited by 15 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Passive Optical Networks (PONs) bring high speed broadband access via fiber to the business, curb and home. Among various types of PONs, Ethernet PONs (EPONs) are gaining more and more attention since they are built upon widely used Ethernet technology and can offer high bandwidth, low cost, and broad services. EPONs use a point-to-multipoint topology, in which multiple optical network units (ONUs) share one uplink channel to transmit multimedia traffic to a control element, optical line terminal (OLT). To avoid data collision on the shared uplink channel, a key issue in EPON is a contention-free MAC protocol for the OLT to schedule the transmission order of different ONUs. In this paper, we first review some DBA schemes available in the literature, then propose a two-layer bandwidth allocation (TLBA) scheme which implements weight-based priority for this need. To maximally satisfy the requests of all ONUs and provide differentiated services, an ONU is allowed to request bandwidth for all its available traffic, and all traffic classes proportionally share the bandwidth based on their instantaneous demands. The weight set for each class not only prevents high priority traffic from monopolizing the bandwidth under heavy load but also ensures a minimum bandwidth allocated to each traffic class. 1
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Jitter performance in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

by Abdallah Shami, Xiaofeng Bai, Student Member, Chadi M. Assi, Nasir Ghani, Senior Member - IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology , 2005
"... Abstract—Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have emerged as one of the most promising access network technolo-gies. Propelled by rapid price declines in fiber optics and Ethernet components, these architectures combine the latest in optical and electronic advances and are poised to become the ..."
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Abstract—Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have emerged as one of the most promising access network technolo-gies. Propelled by rapid price declines in fiber optics and Ethernet components, these architectures combine the latest in optical and electronic advances and are poised to become the dominant means of delivering gigabit broadband connectivity to homes over a unified single platform. As this technology matures, related quality of service (QoS) issues are becoming a key concern. This paper proposes a novel dynamic scheduling algorithm, termed hybrid granting protocol (HGP), to support different QoS in EPON. Specifically, the proposed dynamic scheduling algorithm minimizes packet delay and jitter for delay and delay-variation sensitive traffic (e.g., voice transmissions) by allocating bandwidth in a grant-before-report (GBR) fashion. This considerably im-proves their performance without degrading QoS guarantees for other service types. Detailed simulation experiments are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Index Terms—Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), ethernet passive optical network (EPON), packet delay variation, quality of service. I.
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Investigation of the DBA algorithm design space for EPONs

by Michael P. Mcgarry, Martin Reisslein, Senior Member - IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol , 2012
"... Abstract—The implications of the main components of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms in ethernet passive optical networks, namely grant scheduling framework, grant sizing, and grant scheduling, have to date been examined in isolation. In contrast, we conduct a comprehensive throughput-d ..."
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Abstract—The implications of the main components of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms in ethernet passive optical networks, namely grant scheduling framework, grant sizing, and grant scheduling, have to date been examined in isolation. In contrast, we conduct a comprehensive throughput-delay com-parison study of the three main DBA components; whereby, for each of the DBA components, we consider a range of common mechanisms. Our comparison study considers a number of novel combinations of mechanisms for the individual DBA algorithms, such as the double-phase polling (DPP) scheduling framework combined with limited with excess distribution grant sizing, and shortest propagation delay (SPD) first scheduling. We find that this (DPP, Limited with excess, SPD) combination in conjunction with a novel excess sharing mechanism outperforms previously studied DBA algorithms. Index Terms—Ethernet passive optical network (EPON), grant scheduling, grant sizing, packet delay, propagation delay. I.
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Offline and online multithread polling in long-reach PONs: a critical evaluation

by Anu Mercian, Michael P. Mcgarry, Martin Reisslein, Senior Member - IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol , 2013
"... Abstract—Multi-thread polling (MTP) with offline scheduling and offline excess bandwidth distribution has recently been pro-posed to overcome the long propagation delay of long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs). In this paper, we propose a comple-mentary MTP approach with online scheduling an ..."
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Abstract—Multi-thread polling (MTP) with offline scheduling and offline excess bandwidth distribution has recently been pro-posed to overcome the long propagation delay of long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs). In this paper, we propose a comple-mentary MTP approach with online scheduling and online excess bandwidth distribution. We evaluate the throughput-delay perfor-mance of offline and online MTP against offline and online single-thread polling (STP) with excess bandwidth distribution as well as double-phase polling (DPP) with excess bandwidth distribution. We find that online MTP and STP as well as DPP give significantly lower average packet delays than offline MTP. Index Terms—Delay evaluation, dynamic bandwidth allocation, excess bandwidth distribution, long-reach PON (LR-PON), multi-thread polling (MTP). I.
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Shortest propagation delay (SPD) first scheduling for EPONs with heterogeneous propagation delays

by Michael P. Mcgarry, Martin Reisslein, Frank Aurzada, Michael Scheutzow - IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun , 2010
"... Abstract—Due to the geographic distribution of its subscribers, ..."
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Abstract—Due to the geographic distribution of its subscribers,
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QoS Control Schemes for Two-Stage Ethernet Passive Optical Access Networks

by Abdallah Shami, Xiaofeng Bai, Student Member, Nasir Ghani, Senior Member, Chadi M. Assi, Hussein T. Mouftah - IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2005
"... Abstract—Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have emerged as the one of the most promising candidates for next-gen-eration access networks. These new architectures couple low-cost optics with advanced edge electronics to offer vastly improved scalability over competing digital subscriber line ..."
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Abstract—Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) have emerged as the one of the most promising candidates for next-gen-eration access networks. These new architectures couple low-cost optics with advanced edge electronics to offer vastly improved scalability over competing digital subscriber line and cable modem offerings. This paper proposes several novel architectural enhancements for EPON, which will help increase the viability of optical access over a broader range of subscriber access scenarios. Specifically, this paper proposes a two-stage EPON architecture that allows more end-users to share an optical line terminal link, and enables longer access reach/distances (beyond the usual 25 km distance). In addition, a new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm is proposed to effectively allocate bandwidths between end users. This DBA algorithm can support differentiated services in a network with heterogeneous traffic. We conduct detailed simulation experiments to study the performance and validate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and algorithms. Index Terms—Access network, dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm (DBA), Ethernet-based passive optical network (EPON), quality-of-service (QoS), simulation and modeling. I.

Traffic capacity of large WDM passive optical networks

by Nelson Antunes, Christine Fricker, Philippe Robert, James Roberts - in Proc., Int. Teletraffic Congress , 2010
"... Abstract. As passive optical networks (PON) are increasingly deployed to provide high speed Internet access, it is important to understand their funda-mental traffic capacity limits. The paper discusses performance models appli-cable to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) EPONs and GPONs under th ..."
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Abstract. As passive optical networks (PON) are increasingly deployed to provide high speed Internet access, it is important to understand their funda-mental traffic capacity limits. The paper discusses performance models appli-cable to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) EPONs and GPONs under the assumption that users access the fibre via optical network units equipped with tunable transmitters. The considered stochastic models are based on mul-tiserver polling systems for which explicit analytical results are not known. A large system asymptotic, mean-field approximation, is used to derive closed form solutions of these complex systems. Convergence of the mean field dy-namics is proved in the case of a simple network configuration. Simulation results show that, for a realistic sized PON, the mean field approximation is accurate. 1.
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Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms in EPON: a simulation study

by D. Nikolova, B. Van Houdt, C. Blondia - in Proc. of OptiComm , 2003
"... In this paper we present a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPON, which makes use of the Multipoint Control Protocol (MPCP) with threshold reporting and with inter- and intra-ONU priority scheduling. Three varieties of this algorithm are compared, by means of a detailed simulation program, ..."
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In this paper we present a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPON, which makes use of the Multipoint Control Protocol (MPCP) with threshold reporting and with inter- and intra-ONU priority scheduling. Three varieties of this algorithm are compared, by means of a detailed simulation program, regarding average packet delay for several priorities, delay variation for constant bit rate (CBR) traffic and bandwidth utilization. We show that by introducing a specific intra-ONU priority scheduling algorithm, which takes the reported values into account, the bandwidth can be fully utilized. However, this scheduling algorithm causes an increased packet delay and delay variation for CBR traffic. In order to eliminate this drawback, we combine this scheduling algorithm with a rate-based scheme for the highest priority (CBR) traffic. This combined algorithm provides an interesting tradeoff between the efficiency, which is still near to the optimal, and the delay characteristics of time critical applications. Finally, we also include a comparision with a standard intra-ONU priority scheme.