Results 1 - 10
of
664
A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING
, 2002
"... Increasingly, for many application areas, it is becoming important to include elements of nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity in order to model accurately the underlying dynamics of a physical system. Moreover, it is typically crucial to process data on-line as it arrives, both from the point of view o ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 2006 (2 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Increasingly, for many application areas, it is becoming important to include elements of nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity in order to model accurately the underlying dynamics of a physical system. Moreover, it is typically crucial to process data on-line as it arrives, both from the point of view of storage costs as well as for rapid adaptation to changing signal characteristics. In this paper, we review both optimal and suboptimal Bayesian algorithms for nonlinear/non-Gaussian tracking problems, with a focus on particle filters. Particle filters are sequential Monte Carlo methods based on point mass (or “particle”) representations of probability densities, which can be applied to any state-space model and which generalize the traditional Kalman filtering methods. Several variants of the particle filter such as SIR, ASIR, and RPF are introduced within a generic framework of the sequential importance sampling (SIS) algorithm. These are discussed and compared with the standard EKF through an illustrative example.
Face Recognition: A Literature Survey
, 2000
"... ... This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still- and video-based face recognition research. There are two underlying motivations for us to write this survey paper: the first is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing literature, and the second is to offer some insights into ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1398 (21 self)
- Add to MetaCart
... This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still- and video-based face recognition research. There are two underlying motivations for us to write this survey paper: the first is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing literature, and the second is to offer some insights into the studies of machine recognition of faces. To provide a comprehensive survey, we not only categorize existing recognition techniques but also present detailed descriptions of representative methods within each category. In addition,
On Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling Methods for Bayesian Filtering
- STATISTICS AND COMPUTING
, 2000
"... In this article, we present an overview of methods for sequential simulation from posterior distributions. These methods are of particular interest in Bayesian filtering for discrete time dynamic models that are typically nonlinear and non-Gaussian. A general importance sampling framework is develop ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1051 (76 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
In this article, we present an overview of methods for sequential simulation from posterior distributions. These methods are of particular interest in Bayesian filtering for discrete time dynamic models that are typically nonlinear and non-Gaussian. A general importance sampling framework is developed that unifies many of the methods which have been proposed over the last few decades in several different scientific disciplines. Novel extensions to the existing methods are also proposed. We show in particular how to incorporate local linearisation methods similar to those which have previously been employed in the determin-istic filtering literature; these lead to very effective importance distributions. Furthermore we describe a method which uses Rao-Blackwellisation in order to take advantage of the analytic structure present in some important classes of state-space models. In a final section we develop algorithms for prediction, smoothing and evaluation of the likelihood in dynamic models.
Robust Monte Carlo Localization for Mobile Robots
, 2001
"... Mobile robot localization is the problem of determining a robot's pose from sensor data. This article presents a family of probabilistic localization algorithms known as Monte Carlo Localization (MCL). MCL algorithms represent a robot's belief by a set of weighted hypotheses (samples), whi ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 839 (85 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Mobile robot localization is the problem of determining a robot's pose from sensor data. This article presents a family of probabilistic localization algorithms known as Monte Carlo Localization (MCL). MCL algorithms represent a robot's belief by a set of weighted hypotheses (samples), which approximate the posterior under a common Bayesian formulation of the localization problem. Building on the basic MCL algorithm, this article develops a more robust algorithm called MixtureMCL, which integrates two complimentary ways of generating samples in the estimation. To apply this algorithm to mobile robots equipped with range finders, a kernel density tree is learned that permits fast sampling. Systematic empirical results illustrate the robustness and computational efficiency of the approach.
Dynamic Bayesian Networks: Representation, Inference and Learning
, 2002
"... Modelling sequential data is important in many areas of science and engineering. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) and Kalman filter models (KFMs) are popular for this because they are simple and flexible. For example, HMMs have been used for speech recognition and bio-sequence analysis, and KFMs have bee ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 770 (3 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Modelling sequential data is important in many areas of science and engineering. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) and Kalman filter models (KFMs) are popular for this because they are simple and flexible. For example, HMMs have been used for speech recognition and bio-sequence analysis, and KFMs have been used for problems ranging from tracking planes and missiles to predicting the economy. However, HMMs
and KFMs are limited in their “expressive power”. Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) generalize HMMs by allowing the state space to be represented in factored form, instead of as a single discrete random variable. DBNs generalize KFMs by allowing arbitrary probability distributions, not just (unimodal) linear-Gaussian. In this thesis, I will discuss how to represent many different kinds of models as DBNs, how to perform exact and approximate inference in DBNs, and how to learn DBN models from sequential data.
In particular, the main novel technical contributions of this thesis are as follows: a way of representing
Hierarchical HMMs as DBNs, which enables inference to be done in O(T) time instead of O(T 3), where T is the length of the sequence; an exact smoothing algorithm that takes O(log T) space instead of O(T); a simple way of using the junction tree algorithm for online inference in DBNs; new complexity bounds on exact online inference in DBNs; a new deterministic approximate inference algorithm called factored frontier; an analysis of the relationship between the BK algorithm and loopy belief propagation; a way of
applying Rao-Blackwellised particle filtering to DBNs in general, and the SLAM (simultaneous localization
and mapping) problem in particular; a way of extending the structural EM algorithm to DBNs; and a variety of different applications of DBNs. However, perhaps the main value of the thesis is its catholic presentation of the field of sequential data modelling.
Robotic mapping: A survey
- EXPLORING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE NEW MILLENIUM
, 2002
"... This article provides a comprehensive introduction into the field of robotic mapping, with a focus on indoor mapping. It describes and compares various probabilistic techniques, as they are presently being applied to a vast array of mobile robot mapping problems. The history of robotic mapping is al ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 369 (6 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
This article provides a comprehensive introduction into the field of robotic mapping, with a focus on indoor mapping. It describes and compares various probabilistic techniques, as they are presently being applied to a vast array of mobile robot mapping problems. The history of robotic mapping is also described, along with an extensive list of open research problems.
Sequential Monte Carlo Samplers
, 2002
"... In this paper, we propose a general algorithm to sample sequentially from a sequence of probability distributions known up to a normalizing constant and defined on a common space. A sequence of increasingly large artificial joint distributions is built; each of these distributions admits a marginal ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 303 (44 self)
- Add to MetaCart
In this paper, we propose a general algorithm to sample sequentially from a sequence of probability distributions known up to a normalizing constant and defined on a common space. A sequence of increasingly large artificial joint distributions is built; each of these distributions admits a marginal which is a distribution of interest. To sample from these distributions, we use sequential Monte Carlo methods. We show that these methods can be interpreted as interacting particle approximations of a nonlinear Feynman-Kac flow in distribution space. One interpretation of the Feynman-Kac flow corresponds to a nonlinear Markov kernel admitting a specified invariant distribution and is a natural nonlinear extension of the standard Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Many theoretical results have already been established for such flows and their particle approximations. We demonstrate the use of these algorithms through simulation.
An Improved Particle Filter for Non-linear Problems
, 2004
"... The Kalman filter provides an effective solution to the linear-Gaussian filtering problem. However, where there is nonlinearity, either in the model specification or the observation process, other methods are required. We consider methods known generically as particle filters, which include the c ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 268 (10 self)
- Add to MetaCart
The Kalman filter provides an effective solution to the linear-Gaussian filtering problem. However, where there is nonlinearity, either in the model specification or the observation process, other methods are required. We consider methods known generically as particle filters, which include the condensation algorithm and the Bayesian bootstrap or sampling importance resampling (SIR) filter. These filters
Convergence of Sequential Monte Carlo Methods
- SEQUENTIAL MONTE CARLO METHODS IN PRACTICE
, 2000
"... Bayesian estimation problems where the posterior distribution evolves over time through the accumulation of data arise in many applications in statistics and related fields. Recently, a large number of algorithms and applications based on sequential Monte Carlo methods (also known as particle filter ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 243 (13 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Bayesian estimation problems where the posterior distribution evolves over time through the accumulation of data arise in many applications in statistics and related fields. Recently, a large number of algorithms and applications based on sequential Monte Carlo methods (also known as particle filtering methods) have appeared in the literature to solve this class of problems; see (Doucet, de Freitas & Gordon, 2001) for a survey. However, few of these methods have been proved to converge rigorously. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue. We present a general sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method which includes most of the important features present in current SMC methods. This method generalizes and encompasses many recent algorithms. Under mild regularity conditions, we obtain rigorous convergence results for this general SMC method and therefore give theoretical backing for the validity of all the algorithms that can be obtained as particular cases of it.
