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What We Talk About When We Talk About Context
- Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
, 2004
"... The emergence of ubiquitous computing as a new design paradigm poses significant challenges for HCI and interaction design. Traditionally, human-computer interaction has taken place within a constrained and well-understood domain of experience single users sitting at desks and interacting with con ..."
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Cited by 358 (1 self)
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The emergence of ubiquitous computing as a new design paradigm poses significant challenges for HCI and interaction design. Traditionally, human-computer interaction has taken place within a constrained and well-understood domain of experience single users sitting at desks and interacting with conventionally-designed computers employing screens, keyboards and mice for interaction. New opportunities have engendered considerable interest in context-aware computing computational systems that can sense and respond to aspects of the settings in which they are used. However, considerable confusion surrounds the notion of context what it means, what it includes, and what role it plays in interactive systems. This paper suggests that the representational stance implied by conventional interpretations of context misinterprets the role of context in everyday human activity, and proposes an alternative model that suggests different directions for design.
Phidgets: easy development of physical interfaces through physical widgets
- In UIST ’01: Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
, 2001
"... Physical widgets or phidgets are to physical user interfaces what widgets are to graphical user interfaces. Similar to widgets, phidgets abstract and package input and output devices: they hide implementation and construction details, they expose functionality through a well-defined API, and they ha ..."
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Cited by 279 (23 self)
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Physical widgets or phidgets are to physical user interfaces what widgets are to graphical user interfaces. Similar to widgets, phidgets abstract and package input and output devices: they hide implementation and construction details, they expose functionality through a well-defined API, and they have an (optional) on-screen interactive interface for displaying and controlling device state. Unlike widgets, phidgets also require: a connection manager to track how devices appear on-line; a way to link a software phidget with its physical counterpart; and a simulation mode to allow the programmer to develop, debug and test a physical interface even when no physical device is present. Our evaluation shows that everyday programmers using phidgets can rapidly develop physical interfaces.
An architecture for privacy-sensitive ubiquitous computing
- In MobiSYS ’04: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on mobile systems, applications, and services
, 2004
"... Privacy is the most often-cited criticism of ubiquitous computing, and may be the greatest barrier to its long-term success. However, developers currently have little support in designing software architectures and in creating interactions that are effective in helping end-users manage their privacy ..."
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Cited by 231 (16 self)
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Privacy is the most often-cited criticism of ubiquitous computing, and may be the greatest barrier to its long-term success. However, developers currently have little support in designing software architectures and in creating interactions that are effective in helping end-users manage their privacy. To address this problem, we present Confab, a toolkit for facilitating the development of privacy-sensitive ubiquitous computing applications. The requirements for Confab were gathered through an analysis of privacy needs for both end-users and application developers. Confab provides basic support for building ubiquitous computing applications, providing a framework as well as several customizable privacy mechanisms. Confab also comes with extensions for managing location privacy. Combined, these features allow application developers and end-users to support a spectrum of trust levels and privacy needs.
Ontology Based Context Modeling and Reasoning using OWL
, 2004
"... In this paper we propose an OWL encoded context ontology (CONON) for modeling context in pervasive computing environments, and for supporting logicbased context reasoning. CONON provides an upper context ontology that captures general concepts about basic context, and also provides extensibility for ..."
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Cited by 190 (2 self)
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In this paper we propose an OWL encoded context ontology (CONON) for modeling context in pervasive computing environments, and for supporting logicbased context reasoning. CONON provides an upper context ontology that captures general concepts about basic context, and also provides extensibility for adding domain-specific ontology in a hierarchical manner. Based on this context ontology, we have studied the use of logic reasoning to check the consistency of context information, and to reason over low-level, explicit context to derive high-level, implicit context. By giving a performance study for our prototype, we quantitatively evaluate the feasibility of logic based context reasoning for nontime-critical applications in pervasive computing environments, where we always have to deal carefully with the limitation of computational resources. 1.
ICrafter: A Service Framework for Ubiquitous Computing Environments.” In Ubicomp
, 2001
"... Abstract. In this paper, we propose ICrafter, a framework for services and their user interfaces in a class of ubiquitous computing environments. The chief objective of ICrafter is to let users flexibly interact with the services in their environment using a variety of modalities and input devices. ..."
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Cited by 186 (5 self)
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Abstract. In this paper, we propose ICrafter, a framework for services and their user interfaces in a class of ubiquitous computing environments. The chief objective of ICrafter is to let users flexibly interact with the services in their environment using a variety of modalities and input devices. We extend existing service frameworks in three ways. First, to offload services and user input devices, ICrafter provides infrastructure support for UI selection, generation, and adaptation. Second, ICrafter allows UIs to be associated with service patterns for on-the-fly aggregation of services. Finally, ICrafter facilitates the design of service UIs that are portable but still reflect the context of the local environment. In addition, we also focus on the system properties such as incremental deployability and robustness that are critical for ubiquitous computing environments. We describe the goals and architecture of ICrafter, a prototype implementation that validates its design, and the key lessons learnt from our experiences.
A unifying reference framework for multi-target user interfaces
- INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS
, 2003
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Making Sense of Sensing Systems: Five Questions for Designers and Researchers
, 2002
"... This paper borrows ideas from social science to inform the design of novel "sensing" user-interfaces for computing technology. Specifically, we present five design challenges inspired by analysis of human-human communication that are mundanely addressed by traditional graphical user interf ..."
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Cited by 141 (0 self)
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This paper borrows ideas from social science to inform the design of novel "sensing" user-interfaces for computing technology. Specifically, we present five design challenges inspired by analysis of human-human communication that are mundanely addressed by traditional graphical user interface designs (GUIs). Although classic GUI conventions allow us to finesse these questions, recent research into innovative interaction techniques such as `Ubiquitous Computing' and `Tangible Interfaces' has begun to expose the interaction challenges and problems they pose. By making them explicit we open a discourse on how an approach similar to that used by social scientists in studying human-human interaction might inform the design of novel interaction mechanisms that can be used to handle human-computer communication accomplishments.
A software engineering framework for context-aware pervasive computing.
- In Pervasive Computing and Communications,
, 2004
"... Abstract Motivation It is widely acknowledged that pervasive computing introduces a radically new set of design challenges when compared with traditional desktop computing. In particular, pervasive computing demands applications that are capable of operating in highly dynamic environments and of pl ..."
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Cited by 135 (18 self)
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Abstract Motivation It is widely acknowledged that pervasive computing introduces a radically new set of design challenges when compared with traditional desktop computing. In particular, pervasive computing demands applications that are capable of operating in highly dynamic environments and of placing minimal demands on user attention. Context-aware applications aim to meet these requirements by adapting to selected aspects of the context of use, such as the current location, time and activities of the user. In recent years, a variety of prototypical context-aware applications have been developed, such as context-aware guides that present tourists with information of relevance to the current location Context modelling techniques Much of the recent research in the field of contextawareness has adopted an infrastructure-centred view; that is, it has assumed that the complexity of engineering context-aware applications can be substantially reduced solely through the use of infrastructure responsible for the gathering, managing and dissemination of context information. To this end, a variety of solutions that acquire and interpret context information from sensors
Human Computing and Machine Understanding of Human Behavior: A Survey
- SURVEY, PROC. ACM INT’L CONF. MULTIMODAL INTERFACES
, 2006
"... A widely accepted prediction is that computing will move to the background, weaving itself into the fabric of our everyday living spaces and projecting the human user into the foreground. If this prediction is to come true, then next generation computing, which we will call human computing, should b ..."
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Cited by 132 (33 self)
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A widely accepted prediction is that computing will move to the background, weaving itself into the fabric of our everyday living spaces and projecting the human user into the foreground. If this prediction is to come true, then next generation computing, which we will call human computing, should be about anticipatory user interfaces that should be human-centered, built for humans based on human models. They should transcend the traditional keyboard and mouse to include natural, human-like interactive functions including understanding and emulating certain human behaviors such as affective and social signaling. This article discusses a number of components of human behavior, how they might be integrated into computers, and how far we are from realizing the front end of human computing, that is, how far are we from enabling computers to understand human behavior.
