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Large-scale dictionary construction for foreign language tutoring and interlingual machine translation
- MACHINE TRANSLATION
, 1997
"... This paper describes techniques for automatic construction of dictionaries for use in large-scale foreign language tutoring (FLT) and interlingual machine translation (MT) systems. The dictionaries are based on a language-independent representation called lexical conceptual structure (LCS). A primar ..."
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Cited by 93 (11 self)
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This paper describes techniques for automatic construction of dictionaries for use in large-scale foreign language tutoring (FLT) and interlingual machine translation (MT) systems. The dictionaries are based on a language-independent representation called lexical conceptual structure (LCS). A primary goal of the LCS research is to demonstrate that synonymous verb senses share distributional patterns. In this paper, we show how the syntax-semantics relation can be used to develop a lexical acquisition approach that contributes both toward the enrichment of existing online resources and toward the development of lexicons containing more complete information than is provided in any of these resources alone. We start by describing the structure of the LCS and showing how this representation is used in FLT and MT. We then focus on the problem of building LCS dictionaries for large-scale FLT and MT. First, we describe authoring tools for manual and semi-automatic construction of LCS dictionaries; we then present a more sophisticated approach that uses linguistic techniques for building word defmitions automatically. These techniques have been implemented as part of a set of lexicon-development tools used in the MILT FLT project (Dorr et al., 1995; Sams, 1995; Weinberg et al., 1995) and in the PRINCITRAN MT project (Dorr et al., 1995b).
Deriving Verbal and Compositional Lexical Aspect for NLP Applications
- In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-97
, 1997
"... Verbal and compositional lexical aspect provide the underlying temporal structure of events. Knowledge of lexical aspect, e.g.. (a)telicity, is therefore required for interpreting event sequences in dis- course (Dowry, 1986; Moens and Steed- man, 1988; Passoneau, 1988), interfacing to temporal datab ..."
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Cited by 21 (11 self)
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Verbal and compositional lexical aspect provide the underlying temporal structure of events. Knowledge of lexical aspect, e.g.. (a)telicity, is therefore required for interpreting event sequences in dis- course (Dowry, 1986; Moens and Steed- man, 1988; Passoneau, 1988), interfacing to temporal databases (Androutsopoulos, 1996), processing temporal modifiers (Antonisse, 1994), describing allowable alternations and their semantic effects (Resnik, 1996; Tenny, 1994), and selecting tense and lexical items for natural language generation ((Dorr and Olsen, 1996; Klavans and Chodorow, 1992), cf. (Slobin and Bocaz, 1988)). We show that it is possible to represent lexical aspect--both verbal and compositional--on a large scale, using Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS) representations of verbs in the classes cat- aloged by Levin (1993). Ve show how proper consideration of these universal pieces of verb meaning may be used to refine lexical representations and derive a range of meanings from combinations of LCS representations. A single algorithm may therefore be used to determine lexical aspect classes and features at both verbal and sentence levels. Finally, we illustrate how knowledge of lexical aspect facilitates the interpretation of events in NLP appli- cations.
A Thematic Hierarchy for Efficient Generation from Lexical-Conceptual Structure
- In Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA-98, in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
, 1998
"... . This paper describes an implemented algorithm for syntactic realization of a target-language sentence from an interlingual representation called Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS). We provide a mapping between LCS thematic roles and Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) relations; these relations ..."
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Cited by 13 (8 self)
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. This paper describes an implemented algorithm for syntactic realization of a target-language sentence from an interlingual representation called Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS). We provide a mapping between LCS thematic roles and Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) relations; these relations serve as input to an off-the-shelf generator (Nitrogen). There are two contributions of this work: (1) the development of a thematic hierarchy that provides ordering information for realization of arguments in their surface positions; (2) the provision of a diagnostic tool for detecting inconsistencies in an existing online LCS-based lexicon that allows us to enhance principles for thematic-role assignment. 1 Introduction This paper describes an implemented algorithm for syntactic realization of a target-language sentence from an interlingual representation called Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS). We provide a mapping between LCS thematic roles and Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) re...
An Approach to Representation and Extraction of Terminological Knowledge in ICALL
- in ICALL, Journal of Computing and Information Techniologies
, 1998
"... : This paper addresses an innovative approach to computer assisted learning of foreign language terminology which involves supporting not only foreign language learning focused on specific terminology but also the enhancement of conceptual knowledge in the subject area. ITELS - an intelligent tutori ..."
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Cited by 7 (3 self)
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: This paper addresses an innovative approach to computer assisted learning of foreign language terminology which involves supporting not only foreign language learning focused on specific terminology but also the enhancement of conceptual knowledge in the subject area. ITELS - an intelligent tutoring system aimed at helping Bulgarians to learn English terminology in a particular subject area exemplifies the main ideas of this approach. The paper focuses on the issues of representation and extraction of terminological knowledge, which are of crucial importance for the system's overall performance. The most significant aspect of the proposed approach lies in separating language knowledge from subject area knowledge. The paper suggests a way of building a terminological knowledge base and of using it for intelligent language instruction. Keywords: Terminology Knowledge Processing, Conceptual Graphs, Computer Assisted Language Learning, Intelligent Tutoring Systems. 1. Introduction For...
Telicity as a Cue to Temporal and Discourse Structure in Chinese-English Machine Translation
- In Interlingual Workshop, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL
, 2000
"... Machine trauslation between any two languages requires the g.eperation of information that is implicit in the source language. In translating kom Chinese to English, tense and other temporal information must be inferred from other grammatical and lex- ical cue&. Moreover, Chinese multiple-clause ..."
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Cited by 3 (0 self)
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Machine trauslation between any two languages requires the g.eperation of information that is implicit in the source language. In translating kom Chinese to English, tense and other temporal information must be inferred from other grammatical and lex- ical cue&. Moreover, Chinese multiple-clause sen- tences may contain inter-clausal relations (temporal or otherwise} that must be explicit in English (e.g., by means of a discourse marker). Perfectire and im- perfectire grammatical aspect markers can provide cues to temporal structure, but such information is not present in every sentence. We report on a project to use the lexical aspect features ef (a)telicity reflected in the Lexical Conceptual Structure of the input text to suggest tense and discourse structure in the English trainstation of a Chinese newspaper corpus.
Toward Compact Monotonically Compositional Interlingua Using Lexical Aspect
- Mexico State University
, 1997
"... We describe a theoretical investigation into the semantic space described by our interlingua (IL), which currently has 191 main verb classes divided into 434 subclasses, represented by 237 distinct Lexical Conceptual Structures (LCSs). Using the model of aspect in Olsen (1994; 1997)---monotonic aspe ..."
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Cited by 3 (1 self)
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We describe a theoretical investigation into the semantic space described by our interlingua (IL), which currently has 191 main verb classes divided into 434 subclasses, represented by 237 distinct Lexical Conceptual Structures (LCSs). Using the model of aspect in Olsen (1994; 1997)---monotonic aspectual composition---we have identified 71 aspectually basic subclasses that are associated with one or more of 68 aspectually non-basic classes via some lexical ("type-shifting") rule (Bresnan, 1982; Pinker, 1984; Levin and Rappaport Hovav, 1995). This allows us to refine the IL and address certain computational and theoretical issues at the same time. (1) From a linguistic viewpoint, the expected benefits include a refinement of the aspectual model in (Olsen, 1994; Olsen, 1997) (which provides necessary but not sufficient conditions for aspectual composition) , and a refinement of the verb classifications in (Levin, 1993); we also expect our approach to eventually produce a systematic defin...
Aspectual Modifications to a LCS Database for NLP Applications
, 1997
"... : Verbal and compositional lexical aspect provide the underlying temporal structure of events. Knowledge of lexical aspect, e.g., (a)telicity, is therefore required for interpreting event sequences in discourse (Dowty, 1986; Moens and Steedman, 1988; Passoneau, 1988), interfacing to temporal databas ..."
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Cited by 2 (2 self)
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: Verbal and compositional lexical aspect provide the underlying temporal structure of events. Knowledge of lexical aspect, e.g., (a)telicity, is therefore required for interpreting event sequences in discourse (Dowty, 1986; Moens and Steedman, 1988; Passoneau, 1988), interfacing to temporal databases (Androutsopoulos, 1996), processing temporal modifiers (Antonisse, 1994), describing allowable alternations and their semantic effects (Resnik, 1996; Tenny, 1994), and selecting tense and lexical items for natural language generation ((Dorr and Olsen, 1996; Klavans and Chodorow, 1992), cf. (Slobin and Bocaz, 1988)). We show that it is possible to represent lexical aspect---both verbal and compositional---on a large scale, using Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS) representations of verbs in the classes cataloged by Levin (1993). We show how proper consideration of these universal pieces of verb meaning may be used to refine lexical representations and derive a range of meanings from combin...
Translating English and Mandarin Verbs with Argument Structure (Mis)matches using LCS Representation
- In Proceedings of the Second SIG-IL Workshop
, 1998
"... This paper applies and evaluates a semi-automatically acquired Mandarin Chinese lexicon (Olsen et al., 1998) with respect to translation of English and Chinese verbs in a UNESCO text (Otero, 1997). I demonstrate how Lexical Conceptual Structure templates allow the same semantic structure to apply ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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This paper applies and evaluates a semi-automatically acquired Mandarin Chinese lexicon (Olsen et al., 1998) with respect to translation of English and Chinese verbs in a UNESCO text (Otero, 1997). I demonstrate how Lexical Conceptual Structure templates allow the same semantic structure to apply both to verbs with thematic roles incorporated in the verb itself, and those requiring external thematic complements. Using as examples the English verb provide, the Chinese counterpart , and the English counterparts of in the text, I show how potential translations are included or eliminated automatically based on their thematic role structure. The example illustrates (i) how an interlingual thematic representation based in large part on English argument structure may be adapted felicitously to a historically unrelated language, and (ii) how an interlingual (IL) resource developed for analysis may also be used in generation. Keywords: lexical conceptual structure, lexicon, machine t...
Large Scale Language Independent Generation Using Thematic Hierarchies
- in MT Summit VIII: Machine Translation in the Information Age, Santiago de
, 2001
"... This paper describes a large-scale languageindependent evaluation of the use of Thematic Hierarchies in natural language generation. We translate from a corpus of sentences reflecting the full variety of behavior of Levin-based verb classes. The corpus is used as input to a generation system that ut ..."
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Cited by 2 (2 self)
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This paper describes a large-scale languageindependent evaluation of the use of Thematic Hierarchies in natural language generation. We translate from a corpus of sentences reflecting the full variety of behavior of Levin-based verb classes. The corpus is used as input to a generation system that utilizes the same thematic hierarchy for realizing relative argument surface positions in two languages: English and Spanish. The output was manually evaluated by English and Spanish speakers. The contributions of this work include: (1) an improved thematic hierarchy over an earlier implementation; (2) a large-scale evaluation of the use of thematic hierarchies in two languages; (3) an implementation of a language independent module for natural language generation; and (4) the creation of a single tool for incremental development of multilingual lexicons.
