Results 1 - 10
of
26
State of the art in research on equity in health
- J Health Polit Policy Law
, 2006
"... Abstract This essay provided the introduction to a workshop in Bellagio, Italy, on the subject of translating research into policy for equity in health. The essay first defines equity in a way that facilitates its assessment and monitoring and then sum-marizes evidence from existing research. Direct ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 12 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Abstract This essay provided the introduction to a workshop in Bellagio, Italy, on the subject of translating research into policy for equity in health. The essay first defines equity in a way that facilitates its assessment and monitoring and then sum-marizes evidence from existing research. Directions for developing policy strategies follow from these principles. The role of health services in influencing the distribution of health in populations is discussed in the special context of primary-care-oriented health systems that are, at the same time, more effective, more efficient, and more equity producing than is the case for specialist-dominated health systems. History of the Concept of Equity in Health The beginning of interest in equity in health is difficult to pinpoint. Cer-tainly, the issue of social disparities in health has a long history, dating back in modern history at least to the writings of Frederick Engels, who, in 1845 in The Condition of the Working Class in England, asked, “How is it possible... for the lower class to be healthy and long-lived? What else can be expected than an excessive mortality, an unbroken series of epidemics, a progressive deterioration in the physique of the working population?” (128). Impetus to the policy relevance of social determinants of health was
Reassessing the Effect of Economic Growth on Wellbeing in Less-developed Countries, 1980–2003
, 2007
"... Abstract Development debates have been greatly influenced by the growth consensus: the conventional wisdom that economic growth should be the primary priority for less-developed countries (LDCs) because it most effectively improves the well-being of the world’s poor. We compare the impact of growth ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 8 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Abstract Development debates have been greatly influenced by the growth consensus: the conventional wisdom that economic growth should be the primary priority for less-developed countries (LDCs) because it most effectively improves the well-being of the world’s poor. We compare the impact of growth to other independent variables in an unbalanced panel analysis of up to 109 LDCs and 580 observations across six time points (1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2003). Our dependent variables include caloric consumption, infant survival probability, one-tofive year survival probability, female life expectancy, and male life expectancy. First, we find that gross domestic product (GDP) has significant positive effects on caloric consumption, female life expectancy, and male life expectancy. Second, GDP does not have robust effects on infant and one-to-five survival probabilities. Third, fertility, urbanization, and secondary school enrollment have larger effects than GDP in the majority of models. The more powerful effects of fertility, urbanization, and secondary schooling cannot simply be attributed to an indirect effect of GDP. Fourth, we find that dependency variables do not have robust significant effects. Fifth, over
Epi1 demos1 cracy: Linking Political Systems and Priorities to the Magnitude of Health Inequities—Evidence, Gaps, and a Research Agenda
, 2009
"... A new focus within both social epidemiology and political sociology investigates how political systems and priorities shape health inequities. To advance—and better integrate—research on political determinants of health inequities, the authors conducted a systematic search of the ISI Web of Knowledg ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
A new focus within both social epidemiology and political sociology investigates how political systems and priorities shape health inequities. To advance—and better integrate—research on political determinants of health inequities, the authors conducted a systematic search of the ISI Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases and identified 45 studies, commencing in 1992, that explicitly and empirically tested, in relation to an a priori political hypothesis, for either 1) changes in the magnitude of health inequities or 2) significant cross-national differences in the magnitude of health inequities. Overall, 84 % of the studies focused on the global North, and all clustered around 4 political factors: 1) the transition to a capitalist economy; 2) neoliberal restructuring; 3) welfare states; and 4) political incorporation of subordinated racial/ethnic, indigenous, and gender groups. The evidence suggested that the first 2 factors probably increase health inequities, the third is inconsistently related, and the fourth helps reduce them. In this review, the authors critically summarize these studies ’ findings, consider methodological limitations, and propose a research agenda—with careful attention to spatiotemporal scale, level, time frame (e.g., life course, historical generation), choice of health outcomes, inclusion of polities, and specification of political mechanisms—to address the enormous gaps in knowledge that were identified. democracy; epidemiology; health status; health status disparities; politics; public health; social class; socioeco-nomic factors
Cross-temporal and cross-national poverty and mortality rates among developed countries.
- Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Article ID
, 2013
"... A prime objective of welfare state activities is to take action to enhance population health and to decrease mortality risks. For several centuries, poverty has been seen as a key social risk factor in these respects. Consequently, the fight against poverty has historically been at the forefront of ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
A prime objective of welfare state activities is to take action to enhance population health and to decrease mortality risks. For several centuries, poverty has been seen as a key social risk factor in these respects. Consequently, the fight against poverty has historically been at the forefront of public health and social policy. The relationship between relative poverty rates and population health indicators is less self-evident, notwithstanding the obvious similarity to the debated topic of the relationship between population health and income inequality. In this study we undertake a comparative analysis of the relationship between relative poverty and mortality across 26 countries over time, with pooled cross-sectional time series analysis. We utilize data from the Luxembourg Income Study to construct age-specific poverty rates across countries and time covering the period from around 1980 to 2005, merged with data on age-and gender-specific mortality data from the Human Mortality Database. Our results suggest not only an impact of relative poverty but also clear differences by welfare regime that partly goes beyond the well-known differences in poverty rates between welfare regimes.
THE UTILIZATION OF CANONICAL ANALYSIS IN IDENTIFYING FACTORS INFLUENCING HOSPITALIZATION RATES ON THE REGIONAL SCALE
"... Abstract. The main goal of presented research is to show the possibilities of ca-nonical analysis utilization in evaluations of intensity and spatial distribution of factors influencing hospital prevalence rates in regions. The setting of this study is the moun-tainous areas of Podkarpackie Province ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
Abstract. The main goal of presented research is to show the possibilities of ca-nonical analysis utilization in evaluations of intensity and spatial distribution of factors influencing hospital prevalence rates in regions. The setting of this study is the moun-tainous areas of Podkarpackie Province divided into municipalities, forming a total of 217 spatial units. The major reason for utilizing canonical analyses is the large variation of hospital prevalence rates within selected groups of diseases (cardiovascular and respiratory) and between different age groups. As a consequence, hospitalization rates by age groups are included in the analysis as dependent variables, whereas the independent variables used are various socio-demographic as well as standard of living indicators. These independ-ent variables are grouped into three sets (demographic, social and economic), which characterize municipalities under investigation. The mean for the years 2006-2008 for each variable is calculated. The product of the canonical analysis, canonical variables with the highest correla-tion to independent variables, are subsequently presented on cartograms showing spatial distribution of interdependence between the examined phenomena. The final part of this study includes a short evaluation of the method used for the explanation of spatial hospitalization rate inequalities, as well as some possibilities for enhancement of research into spatial variation of ill-health on the regional scale.
David Brady, Supervisor
, 2013
"... In 2010, approximately 84 % of the American population lives in a metropoli-tan area (Wilson et al. 2012). Different metropolitan areas are characterized by distinct labor markets and economies (McCall 2001a; Sassen 1990), housing markets and residential patterns (Flippen 2010; Massey and Denton 199 ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
In 2010, approximately 84 % of the American population lives in a metropoli-tan area (Wilson et al. 2012). Different metropolitan areas are characterized by distinct labor markets and economies (McCall 2001a; Sassen 1990), housing markets and residential patterns (Flippen 2010; Massey and Denton 1993), socioeconomic and demographic factors (Mellor and Milyo 2002; Frey and DeVol 2000), and according to some, even distinct ‘spirits ’ (Bell and de Shalit 2011; Florida 2002). The nature and influence of such structural factors lie at the heart of urban sociology, and have par-ticularly profound effects on patterns of racial and ethnic stratification (Massey and Denton 1993; McCall 2001a; O’Connor 2001b; Sugrue 1996; Wilson 1987, 2009). This dissertation examines new urban structural changes arising within recent decades, and their implications for racial/ethnic stratification. Specifically, I study the tran-sition to the ‘new economy ’ and racial/ethnic wage inequality; increases in the level and inequality of housing prices and racial/ethnic stratification in homeownership; and increased income inequality, combined with population aging, and racial/ethnic disparities in disability and poor health. I measure metropolitan-level structural fac-
Article Influences of organizational
"... features of healthcare settings on clinical decision making: Qualitative results from a cross-national factorial experiment ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
features of healthcare settings on clinical decision making: Qualitative results from a cross-national factorial experiment
Health
"... features of healthcare settings on clinical decision making: Qualitative results from a cross-national factorial experiment ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
features of healthcare settings on clinical decision making: Qualitative results from a cross-national factorial experiment
